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Abbott makes a final pleaPop-out05 Sep 2010-Expires in 3 Days
http://www.sbs.com.au/vote2010/video/310772/Abbott-makes-a-final-plea
Kookaburra/Gay
Lugarno Public sang this 1966
Sunday, September 5, 2010
Australia==Labor Days==ReMonday US Canada September 6th==2010
Australia
Labor Premier of Queensland Anna Bligh (left) with then federal parliamentary Labor leader Kevin Rudd (second from right) at Labour Day 2007Celebrating the Australian labour movement, the Labour Day public holiday is fixed by the various state and territory governments, and so varies considerably. It is the first Monday in October in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and South Australia. In both Victoria and Tasmania, it is the second Monday in March (though the latter calls it Eight Hours Day). In Western Australia, Labour Day is the first Monday in March. In both Queensland and the Northern Territory, it is the first Monday in May.
Labor Premier of Queensland Anna Bligh (left) with then federal parliamentary Labor leader Kevin Rudd (second from right) at Labour Day 2007Celebrating the Australian labour movement, the Labour Day public holiday is fixed by the various state and territory governments, and so varies considerably. It is the first Monday in October in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and South Australia. In both Victoria and Tasmania, it is the second Monday in March (though the latter calls it Eight Hours Day). In Western Australia, Labour Day is the first Monday in March. In both Queensland and the Northern Territory, it is the first Monday in May.
25th Governor-General of AustraliaAssumed office 5 September 2008 Quentin Bryce
25th Governor-General of Australia
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 September 2008
Monarch Elizabeth II
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded by Michael Jeffery
Quentin Bryce
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 September 2008
Monarch Elizabeth II
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded by Michael Jeffery
Quentin Bryce
Before I became homeless the way the electorate voted when I last owned property==Liberal
Cook - leading candidatesCandidate Party Votes % Swing(%)
MORRISON, Scott LP 48,132 58.96 6.81
SCAYSBROOK, Peter ALP 23,218 28.44 -7.83
WAIZER, Naomi GRN 5,981 7.33 1.14
SMITH, Beth CDP 1,542 1.89 -0.41
MORRISON, Scott LP 48,132 58.96 6.81
SCAYSBROOK, Peter ALP 23,218 28.44 -7.83
WAIZER, Naomi GRN 5,981 7.33 1.14
SMITH, Beth CDP 1,542 1.89 -0.41
The universal Church celebrates September 8th in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s birthday.
September 6th, 2008 § Leave a Comment
Happy Birthday Sweet Mother of God!
The universal Church celebrates September 8th in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s birthday. This is an excellent opportunity for each one of us to do something to show our love and appreciation for the Mother of God and our spiritual Mother. From all eternity, God in his infinite wisdom decreed that Mary would be the Mother of our Lord, Jesus Christ. She was with Jesus at all of the important moments throughout his life from the Incarnation, to his death on the cross. Before our Savior died He gave his Mother to each one of us in giving her to his beloved disciple, St. John.
This September 8th let’s thank God our Father for his beloved Daughter; thank Jesus for his Mother, full of grace; and thank the Holy Spirit for his immaculate Spouse, our Mother Mary. Offer a Rosary in thanksgiving to God for the gift of his own Mother as our Mother. Tell your Mother you love her, and most of all follow her example of holiness, humility, and perfect fidelity to Jesus and his teaching.
Happy birthday Mother, from all of your children still trying to fight the good fight and run the race to the finish line. We love you and ask you to intercede for each one of us with Jesus your Son. Keep us safe in the enclosed garden of your Immaculate Heart. Protect us from the wiles of the Devil. Lead us safely home to Heaven, to be with you, the most holy Trinity, and all of the angels and saints. Pray for us sinners, dear Mother, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
Fr. John Corapi
Happy Birthday Sweet Mother of God!
The universal Church celebrates September 8th in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s birthday. This is an excellent opportunity for each one of us to do something to show our love and appreciation for the Mother of God and our spiritual Mother. From all eternity, God in his infinite wisdom decreed that Mary would be the Mother of our Lord, Jesus Christ. She was with Jesus at all of the important moments throughout his life from the Incarnation, to his death on the cross. Before our Savior died He gave his Mother to each one of us in giving her to his beloved disciple, St. John.
This September 8th let’s thank God our Father for his beloved Daughter; thank Jesus for his Mother, full of grace; and thank the Holy Spirit for his immaculate Spouse, our Mother Mary. Offer a Rosary in thanksgiving to God for the gift of his own Mother as our Mother. Tell your Mother you love her, and most of all follow her example of holiness, humility, and perfect fidelity to Jesus and his teaching.
Happy birthday Mother, from all of your children still trying to fight the good fight and run the race to the finish line. We love you and ask you to intercede for each one of us with Jesus your Son. Keep us safe in the enclosed garden of your Immaculate Heart. Protect us from the wiles of the Devil. Lead us safely home to Heaven, to be with you, the most holy Trinity, and all of the angels and saints. Pray for us sinners, dear Mother, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
Fr. John Corapi
•Wright Brothers Day–Friday, December 17, 2010
Related holiday
•Wright Brothers Day–Friday, December 17, 2010
Other holidays in December 2010 in United States
•World AIDS Day (Wednesday, December 1, 2010)
•First Day of Chanukah (Thursday, December 2, 2010)
•International Day for the Abolition of Slavery (Thursday, December 2, 2010)
•International Day of Persons with Disabilities (Friday, December 3, 2010)
•International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development (Sunday, December 5, 2010)
•Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (Tuesday, December 7, 2010)
•International Civil Aviation Day (Tuesday, December 7, 2010)
•Muharram/New Year (Wednesday, December 8, 2010)
•Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Wednesday, December 8, 2010)
•International Anti-Corruption Day (Thursday, December 9, 2010)
•Last day of Chanukah (Thursday, December 9, 2010)
•Human Rights Day (Friday, December 10, 2010)
•International Mountain Day (Saturday, December 11, 2010)
•Wright Brothers Day (Friday, December 17, 2010)
•International Migrants Day (Saturday, December 18, 2010)
•International Day for South-South Cooperation (Sunday, December 19, 2010)
•International Human Solidarity Day (Monday, December 20, 2010)
•December Solstice (Tuesday, December 21, 2010)
•Washington's Birthday (Thursday, December 23, 2010)
•Christmas Day (Friday, December 24, 2010)
•Christmas Eve (Friday, December 24, 2010)
•Christmas Day (Saturday, December 25, 2010)
•Kwanzaa (until Jan 1) (Sunday, December 26, 2010)
•New Year's Eve (Friday, December 31, 2010)
•New Year's Day (Friday, December 31, 2010)
•Wright Brothers Day–Friday, December 17, 2010
Other holidays in December 2010 in United States
•World AIDS Day (Wednesday, December 1, 2010)
•First Day of Chanukah (Thursday, December 2, 2010)
•International Day for the Abolition of Slavery (Thursday, December 2, 2010)
•International Day of Persons with Disabilities (Friday, December 3, 2010)
•International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development (Sunday, December 5, 2010)
•Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (Tuesday, December 7, 2010)
•International Civil Aviation Day (Tuesday, December 7, 2010)
•Muharram/New Year (Wednesday, December 8, 2010)
•Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Wednesday, December 8, 2010)
•International Anti-Corruption Day (Thursday, December 9, 2010)
•Last day of Chanukah (Thursday, December 9, 2010)
•Human Rights Day (Friday, December 10, 2010)
•International Mountain Day (Saturday, December 11, 2010)
•Wright Brothers Day (Friday, December 17, 2010)
•International Migrants Day (Saturday, December 18, 2010)
•International Day for South-South Cooperation (Sunday, December 19, 2010)
•International Human Solidarity Day (Monday, December 20, 2010)
•December Solstice (Tuesday, December 21, 2010)
•Washington's Birthday (Thursday, December 23, 2010)
•Christmas Day (Friday, December 24, 2010)
•Christmas Eve (Friday, December 24, 2010)
•Christmas Day (Saturday, December 25, 2010)
•Kwanzaa (until Jan 1) (Sunday, December 26, 2010)
•New Year's Eve (Friday, December 31, 2010)
•New Year's Day (Friday, December 31, 2010)
1 1 =======Monday afternoon 4.03pm 2.600 September 6th 2010
1 1 =======Monday afternoon 4.03pm 2.600 September 6th 2010
Streets with no name US Monday September 6th 2010
Streets with no name US Monday September 6th 2010.
251.
Financial 68==March 9th 2009==closing low All Ordinaries. 3175.
3.26pm
251.
Financial 68==March 9th 2009==closing low All Ordinaries. 3175.
3.26pm
Matthew Newton/Born 22 January 1977==On 15 January 2007
Matthew Newton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Matthew Newton
Born 22 January 1977 (1977-01-22) (age 33)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Years active 1987 – present
Matthew Newton (born 22 January 1977) is an Australian stage and screen actor. Born in Melbourne, he is the son of television personalities, Bert and Patti Newton, and brother of Lauren Newton.
Contents [hide]
1 Acting
2 Radio career
3 Controversies
3.1 2006 assault charge
3.2 2009 events
3.3 2010 events
4 References
5 External links
[edit] Acting
Newton has performed in Australia and abroad on stage, television and movies. In 1992, he starred in Late For School, a drama series that aired briefly on Channel Ten. Over the next few years, Newton had guest roles in various shows. In 2000, he starred alongside with Pia Miranda in the film adaptation of the popular teen novel Looking For Alibrandi. Probably his most recognisable international role was in the American science fiction show Farscape (2001) as the character Jothee, or as the vampire Armand in Queen of the Damned (in 2002).
In 2002, Newton was nominated for a Logie Award for his role in the television series Changi.
In 2004, Newton directed, wrote and starred in his first feature film, [Right Here, Right Now]. The film was produced with private funding and was selected to screen in a few festivals. In 2005, Newton starred in The Surgeon that aired on Channel Ten.
In 2006, he appeared in the first and second seasons of improvisation comedy show Thank God You're Here. Newton also starred in a TV series for TV1 called Stupid, Stupid Man set in the office of a fictional men's magazine called COQ where he plays Nick Driscoll, the features writer.
In 2008 he was reportedly close to being cast for a role as a gangland figure in the first season of Underbelly but did not get the role.[1] In 2009 he appeared in Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities, portraying the New Zealand crime syndicate boss Terry Clark.
Also in 2009, Newton wrote, directed and starred in the feature Three Blind Mice which made its international premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival and won the Critics Prize at the 2008 London Film Festival.
In 2010, Newton was announced as the host of the Australian version of The X Factor on the Seven Network. However, in August 2010 following two domestic violence incidents involving girlfriend Rachael Taylor at a hotel in Rome, Newton had to quit The X Factor due to 'medical advice'.[2]
See also: Controversies
[edit] Radio career
On 15 January 2007, Newton was sacked from his new role at Nova. He had recently been signed to co-host The Matt and Boothy Show with comedian Akmal Saleh in the prime time drive shift on Fridays.[3] The Daily Telegraph confirmed that Newton announced the radio station had released him from his contract, reportedly worth up to $200,000 a year.[4]
The station suspended his involvement in the broadcasts, which were due to begin on 15 January, after allegations were made public that he had assaulted Brooke Satchwell. Australian TV Actress Kate Ritchie replaced him at Nova.[5]
[edit] Controversies
In 2006, Newton appeared on the New Years Eve 2006 episode of The Big Night In with John Foreman on Network Ten in which he engaged in simulated sex acts and other suggestive activity as well as bad language. The Daily Telegraph reported his antics and the station received criticism from outraged viewers who complained the show was "sub-standard coverage" and "the worst ever".[6]
[edit] 2006 assault charge
In 2006, Newton split with long time girlfriend, actress Brooke Satchwell. The relationship with Satchwell ended on bad terms, leading to Newton being arrested on 16 October and charged with intimidation and assault occasioning actual bodily harm over incidents alleged to have occurred on 13 September and 6 October. Reportedly, Newton repeatedly punched her in the head on more than one occasion and attempted to gouge her eyes and face. He denied the charges. A court hearing took place in his absence on 17 January 2007.[7][8] Following a not guilty plea, presented by solicitor Chris Murphy, his matter was adjourned until 31 January.[9]
Newton had since started dating Gracie Otto (daughter of Australian actor Barry Otto and sister of Australian actress Miranda Otto).[10]
Newton was originally charged with four offences, but on 21 May 2007 a court heard he would plead guilty to just one count of common assault – with police agreeing to drop counts of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and stalking and intimidating Satchwell, intending to cause her to fear physical or mental harm.[11][12] On 12 June, Newton appeared in court and pleaded guilty to the one count of common assault and was put on a 12-month good behaviour bond.[13] Magistrate Paul Cloran, who recorded the conviction against Newton, acknowledged that the actor was of good character but felt compelled to record a conviction. Newton received strong support from friends, family and work colleagues, who believed the incident with Satchwell to be entirely out of character.[14]
In July 2007, Newton was successful in having the conviction overturned. Solicitor Chris Murphy tendered a letter from Dr Robert Hampshire, Newton's psychiatrist, which outlined his depressive illness and stated he was unlikely to reoffend. Judge Joseph Moore said, "It does not in any way lead the court to give special consideration to his case because he is a person of high profile", referring to Newton's celebrity status; and, "The way in which he has been given particular media attention has acted as a considerable measure of punishment."[15]
[edit] 2009 events
In November 2009, Newton's hotel room in Kings Cross, Sydney was trashed after the GQ Men's Award Night in Sydney. According to media reports, the damage to the room was over $9,000. The room was booked in the name of his then girlfriend Rachael Taylor and he departed the next day without checking out. Sydney Police investigated the matter but no charges were laid.[16]
One day later Newton made news headlines when he caused panic among airline staff and passengers by departing an aircraft before the doors were closed. The incident was reported widely in the Australian media.[16]
In December 2009, Newton made headlines again after complaining about his hotel room in the country town of Mildura. [17]
[edit] 2010 events
In March 2010, Newton was 'ejected' from the Cullen Hotel in Melbourne, Australia. The hotel discovered $4000 worth of damage to the hotel room and bathroom during his 3 week stay.
In April 2010, Matthew Newton was admitted in Melbourne to Malvern Private Hospital. The hospital specialises in a 28 day drug and alcohol addiction recovery program. In 2007 when Newton was convicted of assault in a Sydney court his lawyer revealed that Newton had been in the care of a psychiatrist for more than six years.
In August 2010 following two domestic violence incidents involving girlfriend Rachael Taylor at a hotel in Rome, Taylor took out an Apprehended Violence Order against him.[2]
[edit] References
1.^ October 13, 2008 12:00AM (2008-10-13). "Matt Newton to play Terry Clark in Underbelly prequel". Theaustralian.com.au. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/newton-tipped-for-underbelly-role/story-e6frf9ho-1111117736422. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
2.^ a b http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/television/matthew-newton-rachael-taylor-in-hotel-lobby-fight-withdraws-channel-seven-show-x-factor/story-e6frfmyi-1225908632404
3.^ "DMG Radio - Newton and Nova Part Company". Bandt.com.au. http://www.bandt.com.au/news/0f/0c04870f.asp. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
4.^ Jones, Gemma (2007-01-16). "Bert Newton backs son Matt|NEWS.com.au Entertainment". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21066831-10229,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
5.^ tv-fan's blog. "Kate Ritchie, not Matthew Newton, to work with Nova 100 | General | News". Throng. http://www.throng.com.au/general/kate-ritchie-not-matthew-newton-to-work-with-nova-100. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
6.^ Gosnell, Peter (2007-01-02). "Ten's smutty party an insult". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21001182-10388,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
7.^ Owens, Warren (2007-01-14). "Newton charged with Satchwell assault". The Sunday Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/sundaytelegraph/story/0,22049,21055391-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
8.^ Browne, Rachel; Hall, Louise (2007-01-14). "Bert's boy charged with bashing actress". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/berts-boy-charged-with-bashing-actress/2007/01/13/1168105230744.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
9.^ Jacobsen, Geesche (17 January 2007). "Newton case 'minor' compared with Iraq". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/01/17/1168709799281.html. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
10.^ "Newton bins Brooke for Otto". Sydney Confidential (The Australian). 2007-01-08. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21026135-10388,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
11.^ "Newton girl-bash charges cut". The Sunday Telegraph. 2007-05-21. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21767055-5006009,00.html. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
12.^ "3 Matthew Newton charges dropped, lawyers say". ABC News Online. May 21, 2007. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1928881.htm.
13.^ Taylor, Zoe (2007-06-12). "Newton pleads guilty to assault". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21891894-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
14.^ Taylor, Zoe (2007-06-12). "Newton to appeal good-behaviour bond". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21891894-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
15.^ Taylor, Zoe; Arlington, Kim (2007-07-18). "Outrage at court's star treatment". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,10221,22092925-10229,00.html?from=public_rss. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
16.^ a b Barnett, Ruth (2009-11-26). "Matthew Newton AWOL at the airport". Herald Sun. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/matthew-newton-awol-at-the-airport/story-e6frf96o-1225803887033. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
17.^ Barnett, Ruth (2009-12-05). "Matthew Newton surfaces in Mildura, complaining about his hotel accommodation". Herald Sun. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/matthew-newton-surfaces-in-mildura-complaining-about-his-hotel-accommodation/story-e6frf96x-1225807113733. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Matthew Newton
Born 22 January 1977 (1977-01-22) (age 33)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Years active 1987 – present
Matthew Newton (born 22 January 1977) is an Australian stage and screen actor. Born in Melbourne, he is the son of television personalities, Bert and Patti Newton, and brother of Lauren Newton.
Contents [hide]
1 Acting
2 Radio career
3 Controversies
3.1 2006 assault charge
3.2 2009 events
3.3 2010 events
4 References
5 External links
[edit] Acting
Newton has performed in Australia and abroad on stage, television and movies. In 1992, he starred in Late For School, a drama series that aired briefly on Channel Ten. Over the next few years, Newton had guest roles in various shows. In 2000, he starred alongside with Pia Miranda in the film adaptation of the popular teen novel Looking For Alibrandi. Probably his most recognisable international role was in the American science fiction show Farscape (2001) as the character Jothee, or as the vampire Armand in Queen of the Damned (in 2002).
In 2002, Newton was nominated for a Logie Award for his role in the television series Changi.
In 2004, Newton directed, wrote and starred in his first feature film, [Right Here, Right Now]. The film was produced with private funding and was selected to screen in a few festivals. In 2005, Newton starred in The Surgeon that aired on Channel Ten.
In 2006, he appeared in the first and second seasons of improvisation comedy show Thank God You're Here. Newton also starred in a TV series for TV1 called Stupid, Stupid Man set in the office of a fictional men's magazine called COQ where he plays Nick Driscoll, the features writer.
In 2008 he was reportedly close to being cast for a role as a gangland figure in the first season of Underbelly but did not get the role.[1] In 2009 he appeared in Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities, portraying the New Zealand crime syndicate boss Terry Clark.
Also in 2009, Newton wrote, directed and starred in the feature Three Blind Mice which made its international premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival and won the Critics Prize at the 2008 London Film Festival.
In 2010, Newton was announced as the host of the Australian version of The X Factor on the Seven Network. However, in August 2010 following two domestic violence incidents involving girlfriend Rachael Taylor at a hotel in Rome, Newton had to quit The X Factor due to 'medical advice'.[2]
See also: Controversies
[edit] Radio career
On 15 January 2007, Newton was sacked from his new role at Nova. He had recently been signed to co-host The Matt and Boothy Show with comedian Akmal Saleh in the prime time drive shift on Fridays.[3] The Daily Telegraph confirmed that Newton announced the radio station had released him from his contract, reportedly worth up to $200,000 a year.[4]
The station suspended his involvement in the broadcasts, which were due to begin on 15 January, after allegations were made public that he had assaulted Brooke Satchwell. Australian TV Actress Kate Ritchie replaced him at Nova.[5]
[edit] Controversies
In 2006, Newton appeared on the New Years Eve 2006 episode of The Big Night In with John Foreman on Network Ten in which he engaged in simulated sex acts and other suggestive activity as well as bad language. The Daily Telegraph reported his antics and the station received criticism from outraged viewers who complained the show was "sub-standard coverage" and "the worst ever".[6]
[edit] 2006 assault charge
In 2006, Newton split with long time girlfriend, actress Brooke Satchwell. The relationship with Satchwell ended on bad terms, leading to Newton being arrested on 16 October and charged with intimidation and assault occasioning actual bodily harm over incidents alleged to have occurred on 13 September and 6 October. Reportedly, Newton repeatedly punched her in the head on more than one occasion and attempted to gouge her eyes and face. He denied the charges. A court hearing took place in his absence on 17 January 2007.[7][8] Following a not guilty plea, presented by solicitor Chris Murphy, his matter was adjourned until 31 January.[9]
Newton had since started dating Gracie Otto (daughter of Australian actor Barry Otto and sister of Australian actress Miranda Otto).[10]
Newton was originally charged with four offences, but on 21 May 2007 a court heard he would plead guilty to just one count of common assault – with police agreeing to drop counts of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and stalking and intimidating Satchwell, intending to cause her to fear physical or mental harm.[11][12] On 12 June, Newton appeared in court and pleaded guilty to the one count of common assault and was put on a 12-month good behaviour bond.[13] Magistrate Paul Cloran, who recorded the conviction against Newton, acknowledged that the actor was of good character but felt compelled to record a conviction. Newton received strong support from friends, family and work colleagues, who believed the incident with Satchwell to be entirely out of character.[14]
In July 2007, Newton was successful in having the conviction overturned. Solicitor Chris Murphy tendered a letter from Dr Robert Hampshire, Newton's psychiatrist, which outlined his depressive illness and stated he was unlikely to reoffend. Judge Joseph Moore said, "It does not in any way lead the court to give special consideration to his case because he is a person of high profile", referring to Newton's celebrity status; and, "The way in which he has been given particular media attention has acted as a considerable measure of punishment."[15]
[edit] 2009 events
In November 2009, Newton's hotel room in Kings Cross, Sydney was trashed after the GQ Men's Award Night in Sydney. According to media reports, the damage to the room was over $9,000. The room was booked in the name of his then girlfriend Rachael Taylor and he departed the next day without checking out. Sydney Police investigated the matter but no charges were laid.[16]
One day later Newton made news headlines when he caused panic among airline staff and passengers by departing an aircraft before the doors were closed. The incident was reported widely in the Australian media.[16]
In December 2009, Newton made headlines again after complaining about his hotel room in the country town of Mildura. [17]
[edit] 2010 events
In March 2010, Newton was 'ejected' from the Cullen Hotel in Melbourne, Australia. The hotel discovered $4000 worth of damage to the hotel room and bathroom during his 3 week stay.
In April 2010, Matthew Newton was admitted in Melbourne to Malvern Private Hospital. The hospital specialises in a 28 day drug and alcohol addiction recovery program. In 2007 when Newton was convicted of assault in a Sydney court his lawyer revealed that Newton had been in the care of a psychiatrist for more than six years.
In August 2010 following two domestic violence incidents involving girlfriend Rachael Taylor at a hotel in Rome, Taylor took out an Apprehended Violence Order against him.[2]
[edit] References
1.^ October 13, 2008 12:00AM (2008-10-13). "Matt Newton to play Terry Clark in Underbelly prequel". Theaustralian.com.au. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/newton-tipped-for-underbelly-role/story-e6frf9ho-1111117736422. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
2.^ a b http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/television/matthew-newton-rachael-taylor-in-hotel-lobby-fight-withdraws-channel-seven-show-x-factor/story-e6frfmyi-1225908632404
3.^ "DMG Radio - Newton and Nova Part Company". Bandt.com.au. http://www.bandt.com.au/news/0f/0c04870f.asp. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
4.^ Jones, Gemma (2007-01-16). "Bert Newton backs son Matt|NEWS.com.au Entertainment". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21066831-10229,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
5.^ tv-fan's blog. "Kate Ritchie, not Matthew Newton, to work with Nova 100 | General | News". Throng. http://www.throng.com.au/general/kate-ritchie-not-matthew-newton-to-work-with-nova-100. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
6.^ Gosnell, Peter (2007-01-02). "Ten's smutty party an insult". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21001182-10388,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
7.^ Owens, Warren (2007-01-14). "Newton charged with Satchwell assault". The Sunday Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/sundaytelegraph/story/0,22049,21055391-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
8.^ Browne, Rachel; Hall, Louise (2007-01-14). "Bert's boy charged with bashing actress". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/berts-boy-charged-with-bashing-actress/2007/01/13/1168105230744.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
9.^ Jacobsen, Geesche (17 January 2007). "Newton case 'minor' compared with Iraq". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/01/17/1168709799281.html. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
10.^ "Newton bins Brooke for Otto". Sydney Confidential (The Australian). 2007-01-08. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21026135-10388,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
11.^ "Newton girl-bash charges cut". The Sunday Telegraph. 2007-05-21. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21767055-5006009,00.html. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
12.^ "3 Matthew Newton charges dropped, lawyers say". ABC News Online. May 21, 2007. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1928881.htm.
13.^ Taylor, Zoe (2007-06-12). "Newton pleads guilty to assault". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21891894-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
14.^ Taylor, Zoe (2007-06-12). "Newton to appeal good-behaviour bond". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,21891894-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
15.^ Taylor, Zoe; Arlington, Kim (2007-07-18). "Outrage at court's star treatment". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,10221,22092925-10229,00.html?from=public_rss. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
16.^ a b Barnett, Ruth (2009-11-26). "Matthew Newton AWOL at the airport". Herald Sun. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/matthew-newton-awol-at-the-airport/story-e6frf96o-1225803887033. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
17.^ Barnett, Ruth (2009-12-05). "Matthew Newton surfaces in Mildura, complaining about his hotel accommodation". Herald Sun. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/matthew-newton-surfaces-in-mildura-complaining-about-his-hotel-accommodation/story-e6frf96x-1225807113733. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
Rolling Stones Financial 68 Monday September 6th 2010 March 9th 2010
Rolling Stones Financial 68 Monday September 6th 2010 March 9th 2010
Labor day USA.
91.5
======
3.13pm==251
Labor day USA.
91.5
======
3.13pm==251
Simpsons December 17th 1989 premiered. Aviatian Day USA
Historically, the Aztec name for the huge basaltic monolith is Cuauhxicalli Eagle Bowl, but it is universally known as the Aztec Calendar or Sun Stone.
It was during the reign of the 6th Aztec monarch in 1479 that this stone was carved and dedicated to the principal Aztec deity: the sun. The stone has both mythological and astronomical significance. It weighs almost 25 tons, has a diameter of just under 12 feet, and a thickness of 3 feet.
On December 17th, 1760 the stone was discovered, buried in the "Zocalo" (the main square) of Mexico City. The viceroy of New Spain at the time was don Joaquin de Monserrat, Marquis of Cruillas. Afterwards it was embedded in the wall of the Western tower of the metropolitan Cathedral, where it remained until 1885. At that time it was transferred to the national Museum of Archaeology and History by order of the then President of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz.
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_3.htm
It was during the reign of the 6th Aztec monarch in 1479 that this stone was carved and dedicated to the principal Aztec deity: the sun. The stone has both mythological and astronomical significance. It weighs almost 25 tons, has a diameter of just under 12 feet, and a thickness of 3 feet.
On December 17th, 1760 the stone was discovered, buried in the "Zocalo" (the main square) of Mexico City. The viceroy of New Spain at the time was don Joaquin de Monserrat, Marquis of Cruillas. Afterwards it was embedded in the wall of the Western tower of the metropolitan Cathedral, where it remained until 1885. At that time it was transferred to the national Museum of Archaeology and History by order of the then President of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz.
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_3.htm
My generation WHO--March 9th financial Monday Sepetember 6th 2010
My generation WHO--March 9th financial==day 68==Monday September 6th===SA Proclamation day Tuesday December 28th 2010.==end.
Halfway there.
The drain man.
Midnight Chicago.
3rd time intraday 251===roast pork==rainbow meats==91.5
Halfway there.
The drain man.
Midnight Chicago.
3rd time intraday 251===roast pork==rainbow meats==91.5
London calling. Financial day 68 91.5
London calling. Financial day 68 91.5==March 9th September 6th==closing low All Ords March 9th 2009---3175==Labor DAY US==Maya calendar Start Honduras.
2.35pm
2.35pm
Monday September 6th 2010On this day... Financial March 9th 2010==closing low All Ordinaries 2009==3175
On this day...
September 6: Labour Day in Canada and Labor Day in the United States (2010); Independence Day in Swaziland; Defence Day in Pakistan; Unification Day in Bulgaria
394 – Forces of the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius I (pictured) defeated Eugenius, the usurper of the Western Roman Empire, at the Battle of the Frigidus near modern-day Vipava, Slovenia.
1955 – An overwhelming Turkish mob attacked ethnic Greeks in Istanbul, killing over 13 people, wounding over thirty others, and damaging over 5,000 Greek-owned homes and businesses.
1963 – The Krulak Mendenhall mission, led by U.S. Marine Corps Major General Victor Krulak and U.S. Foreign Service Officer Joseph Mendenhall, was launched by the Kennedy administration to assess the progress of the Vietnam War.
1970 – Members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked four jet aircraft en route from Europe to New York City, landing two of them at Dawson's Field in Zerqa, Jordan, and one plane in Beirut, Lebanon. The fourth hijacking was successfully foiled.
2000 – The Millennium Summit, a meeting of world leaders to discuss the role of the United Nations in the turn of the 21st century, opened.
More anniversaries: September 5 – September 6 – September 7
September 6: Labour Day in Canada and Labor Day in the United States (2010); Independence Day in Swaziland; Defence Day in Pakistan; Unification Day in Bulgaria
394 – Forces of the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius I (pictured) defeated Eugenius, the usurper of the Western Roman Empire, at the Battle of the Frigidus near modern-day Vipava, Slovenia.
1955 – An overwhelming Turkish mob attacked ethnic Greeks in Istanbul, killing over 13 people, wounding over thirty others, and damaging over 5,000 Greek-owned homes and businesses.
1963 – The Krulak Mendenhall mission, led by U.S. Marine Corps Major General Victor Krulak and U.S. Foreign Service Officer Joseph Mendenhall, was launched by the Kennedy administration to assess the progress of the Vietnam War.
1970 – Members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked four jet aircraft en route from Europe to New York City, landing two of them at Dawson's Field in Zerqa, Jordan, and one plane in Beirut, Lebanon. The fourth hijacking was successfully foiled.
2000 – The Millennium Summit, a meeting of world leaders to discuss the role of the United Nations in the turn of the 21st century, opened.
More anniversaries: September 5 – September 6 – September 7
Wall Street money never sleeps time for payback September 23rd 2010
Wall Street money never sleeps time for payback September 23rd 2010
Vatican appeals for woman facing stoning Monday06 September 2010
Vathttp://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1346092/Vatican-appeals-for-woman-facing-stoning
ican appeals for woman facing stoning
Email to friendPrintEnlarge text06 September 2010 | 11:33:35 AM | Source: AFP
.
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, a 43-year-old mother of two, is facing the death penalty after being convicted of having an extramarital relationship. (Getty)
The Vatican has said it is in contact with Tehran over the case of an Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning for adultery amid a global diplomatic push for clemency.
Iran 'stoning woman' to get 99 lashes
Iranian woman's son pleads for help
UK minister meets Iran envoy on trials
West told to stay out of stoning case
Add your comment
.
The Vatican said it was using "diplomatic channels" to intervene in the case, while Italy urged Iran for a "act of clemency".
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, a 43-year-old mother of two, is facing the death penalty after being convicted of having an extramarital relationship in a case that has sparked an international campaign for her release.
"The Holy See is following this affair with attention and commitment," Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi said in a statement issued in response to journalists' questions on the matter.
"The position of the Church, opposed to the death penalty, is known and stoning is a particularly brutal form," he said.
Intervention by the head of the Roman Catholic Church on humanitarian questions takes place through diplomatic channels, and this sort of action has been taken a number of times in the past, the statement said.
Pope Benedict XVI did not make any mention of the case at the traditional Angelus blessing on Sunday.
Meanwhile, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini on Sunday called on Tehran to grant clemency in the case, the ANSA news agency reported.
While reiterating his "full respect for Iranian sovereignty," Frattini said "only an act of clemency could save the life of this person."
He added that contacts had taken place with the Iranian embassy in Rome.
Frattini also recently said he had arranged to meet his Iranian counterpart Manouchehr Mottaki on the sidelines of the forthcoming UN General Assembly in New York.
The plight of Mohammadi-Ashtiani, who was also convicted of being an accomplice in her husband's death, which she has denied, has caused a global uproar.
Tehran meanwhile has provisionally suspended the death sentence.
On Saturday, Mohammadi-Ashtiani's son Sajjad said she had also been sentenced to 99 lashes for a photo of her without a headscarf published in a British newspaper.
A French petition has been signed by two former French presidents and Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, the wife of President Nicolas Sarkozy.
A hardline Iranian newspaper branded Bruni-Sarkozy a prostitute for signing the petition, with the French government describing the slur as "unacceptable".
France has urged the European Union to threaten new sanctions against the Iranian regime over the stoning case, while EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said talks were taking place with Tehran.
Mohammadi-Ashtiani's son called on the international community to continue the campaign, and appealed to Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva to use his country's ties with Iran to assist in her release.
Lula has already tried in vain to convince Iran to let Mohammadi-Ashtiani take asylum in Brazil instead of being executed.
ican appeals for woman facing stoning
Email to friendPrintEnlarge text06 September 2010 | 11:33:35 AM | Source: AFP
.
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, a 43-year-old mother of two, is facing the death penalty after being convicted of having an extramarital relationship. (Getty)
The Vatican has said it is in contact with Tehran over the case of an Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning for adultery amid a global diplomatic push for clemency.
Iran 'stoning woman' to get 99 lashes
Iranian woman's son pleads for help
UK minister meets Iran envoy on trials
West told to stay out of stoning case
Add your comment
.
The Vatican said it was using "diplomatic channels" to intervene in the case, while Italy urged Iran for a "act of clemency".
Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, a 43-year-old mother of two, is facing the death penalty after being convicted of having an extramarital relationship in a case that has sparked an international campaign for her release.
"The Holy See is following this affair with attention and commitment," Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi said in a statement issued in response to journalists' questions on the matter.
"The position of the Church, opposed to the death penalty, is known and stoning is a particularly brutal form," he said.
Intervention by the head of the Roman Catholic Church on humanitarian questions takes place through diplomatic channels, and this sort of action has been taken a number of times in the past, the statement said.
Pope Benedict XVI did not make any mention of the case at the traditional Angelus blessing on Sunday.
Meanwhile, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini on Sunday called on Tehran to grant clemency in the case, the ANSA news agency reported.
While reiterating his "full respect for Iranian sovereignty," Frattini said "only an act of clemency could save the life of this person."
He added that contacts had taken place with the Iranian embassy in Rome.
Frattini also recently said he had arranged to meet his Iranian counterpart Manouchehr Mottaki on the sidelines of the forthcoming UN General Assembly in New York.
The plight of Mohammadi-Ashtiani, who was also convicted of being an accomplice in her husband's death, which she has denied, has caused a global uproar.
Tehran meanwhile has provisionally suspended the death sentence.
On Saturday, Mohammadi-Ashtiani's son Sajjad said she had also been sentenced to 99 lashes for a photo of her without a headscarf published in a British newspaper.
A French petition has been signed by two former French presidents and Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, the wife of President Nicolas Sarkozy.
A hardline Iranian newspaper branded Bruni-Sarkozy a prostitute for signing the petition, with the French government describing the slur as "unacceptable".
France has urged the European Union to threaten new sanctions against the Iranian regime over the stoning case, while EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said talks were taking place with Tehran.
Mohammadi-Ashtiani's son called on the international community to continue the campaign, and appealed to Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva to use his country's ties with Iran to assist in her release.
Lula has already tried in vain to convince Iran to let Mohammadi-Ashtiani take asylum in Brazil instead of being executed.
91.5==request Birds of a feather.
Jump into the Fire by Harry Nilsson
A true classic!
18/08/2010
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28Strangely, I just posted this exact thing on Facebook as my middle aged person's "song a day" recommendation for the young folk!
18/08/2010
Quote.
blackjack88
Points: 4Definitely a great recommendation.
The drum solo and bass were ahead of it's time.
Great loud.
18/08/2010
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80could we replace every second bon jovi song with a Pearl Jam song? I can't believe the free hits this rock dinosaur gets, while a band that is still relevant doesn't get a look in.
19/08/2010
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28
Bowee said: could we replace every second bon jovi song with a Pearl Jam song? I can't believe the free hits this rock dinosaur gets, while a band that is still relevant doesn't get a look in.
But he's a cowboy on a steel horse and he's living on a prayer, but somehow they'll make it through even though he might get shot down in a blaze of glory. FFS it could all be the one song really. Comet to think of it, all his songs ARE the same.
19/08/2010
Quote.
stavrosthegreek
Points: 4Im aged nearly 50 homeless couple of hundred bucks couldn't really care who wins the election either party will do.
What about Bohemian Rhapsody Queen, that would be a nice one.
A dedication to my ex wife Anne.
If you could please, from Steve, formerly of Oyster Bay NSW.
21/08/2010
EditQuote.
Big_A2
Points: 64
stavrosthegreek said: What about Bohemian Rhapsody Queen, that would be a nice one.
They play that song, like, twice a day.
23/08/2010
Quote.
Boogie
Points: 30Hey Guys any chance of a bit more Cream or Eric?
27/08/2010
Quote.
MickJJ
Points: 8More Dire straights, U2, INXS and the Eagles and Im a happy camper
28/08/2010
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196more hunters and I am.
29/08/2010
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80get rid of Supertramp, etc. Late 70s soft ass crap
30/08/2010
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196yeah whilst I like msot of what classic rock play supertramp are a tune-out band for me. I'd be pretty happy if they were all gone.
good call bowee
6 days ago
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80apparently they have a warning on poisonous liquids that says if you swallow any, don't listen to supertramp, as it may induce vomiting
6 days ago
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28Without trying to stir the possum, in my humble opinion, INXS is the biggest collection of pedestrian/ordinary music Australia has produced. "Just Keep Walking" and "Don't Change" aside, they all sound much the same - and the lyrics, wtf are they on about. And before you shoot me down in flames, have a listen to them and compare about 6 or 7 of their better known songs - they could all be the same song.
4 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296
bombers4ever said: yeah whilst I like msot of what classic rock play supertramp are a tune-out band for me. I'd be pretty happy if they were all gone.
good call bowee
Hmm bombers...be good to fire back your own words at you at this point:
"Its just a little tiresome that you seem to have this view that you are the font of all knowledge and the fact that the station isnt doing something you think it should means its not right.
ffs man if you dont like it, turn it off. How freaking hard can it be??? but just stop being a wanker here and imparting your infinite wisdom to the rest of us".
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196its a bit different to carpet bag the whole radio station like you seem to than to just point out one artist that I dont particularly care for.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296You're spinning more than Tony Blair. All you do is bag people for giving their opinion and then you give your opinion as if people actually care.
I've bagged the station's repetition. And I've stated before I don't bag for them playing certain acts...I merely bag them for playing them or particular songs too much.
I didn't join in the anti-"Glory days" chorus until I started hearing it flogged mercilessly. So, I was last on that band wagon.
I'm listening to Classic Rock a lot less now...station of last resort between Gold and Triple M...when they changed format it was first port of call. Maybe you convinced them that the complainers here were working for other stations because they took that flaw of theirs and magnified it many times over. Spending more time on indie radio...which is where I heard that terrific Patti Smith song I just uploaded here.
P.S. I love 2 or 3 Supertramp songs. Gee...maybe Classic Rock should hire you as their programme manager. Psych.
Take your own advice on giving out advice to Classic Rock. Cause you are a hypocrite when you do so.
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196dude youre being a little oversensitive. I can see your point on the irony of me saying I';m not a fan of supertramp given I've had a go at you for bagging the station. The difference is I'm not saying the stations a pile of the proverbial because they play supertramp, and nor am I expecting they;ll not play them just cos I dont like them. It was one comment on one band.
Im not against anyone - even you - expressing a personal opinion, it just is annoying when you seem to attack everything about the radio station when for the majority of it I dont mind it.
thats all I was saying.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296More spin bombers. You've overaggressively bagged me for sharing my opinions on the format and others too. If someone doesn't like the changes you accuse them of working for other radio stations. Just pathetic. When someone gives their opinion you paint them as being up themselves...yet dole out your own opinions like they are pearls of wisdom from on high. You're just clueless about your own behaviour. If you hadn't of been such a prat about bagging others for their own opinions I wouldn't bother bagging you when you give your opinion. Just saying that by your own behaviour you have proved yourself to be a hypocrite. That's all.
As for me attacking everything about the radio station...again, listen to me, I'm attacking their very narrow play list of acts and the songs that they flog to death. I listen so little to this station now because when Gold or Triple M are playing stuff I don't want to hear and I turn to Classic Rock, I go indie straight away because Classic Rock is playing one of the 15 or so acts that they flog to death...and it's usually one of the songs that they flog to death too.
And people are allowed to say that they think it sucks without people like you bagging them. Being the hypocrite that you are, I'm sure you'd start bagging the station if they changed their format again and support people posting their disatisfaction on these boards. The world doesn't revolve around you and you've made these boards very unpleasant with your attit
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196perhaps we should agree to disagree. I'm not trying to get in an argument with you, we just seem to have a different opinion so why dont we leave it at that.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296I'm not looking for flame wars either but I just couldn't resist when you gave your opinion after bagging others here for doing the same.
I'm happy to end the discussion here.
3 days ago
http://www.classicrockfm.com.au/discussion_classic-rock-suggestion-request_98576?p=1#last
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80so to sum it up - Supertramp are garbage and have no place on either a rock or classic station
2 hours ago
Quote.
stavrosthegreek
Points: 4Any chance of the song Birds of a feather? for Big Issue Lonsdale Street Melbourne and for the Body Shop Burke Street Mall.
From vendor Steve bonkers
The hot tramp.
A true classic!
18/08/2010
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28Strangely, I just posted this exact thing on Facebook as my middle aged person's "song a day" recommendation for the young folk!
18/08/2010
Quote.
blackjack88
Points: 4Definitely a great recommendation.
The drum solo and bass were ahead of it's time.
Great loud.
18/08/2010
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80could we replace every second bon jovi song with a Pearl Jam song? I can't believe the free hits this rock dinosaur gets, while a band that is still relevant doesn't get a look in.
19/08/2010
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28
Bowee said: could we replace every second bon jovi song with a Pearl Jam song? I can't believe the free hits this rock dinosaur gets, while a band that is still relevant doesn't get a look in.
But he's a cowboy on a steel horse and he's living on a prayer, but somehow they'll make it through even though he might get shot down in a blaze of glory. FFS it could all be the one song really. Comet to think of it, all his songs ARE the same.
19/08/2010
Quote.
stavrosthegreek
Points: 4Im aged nearly 50 homeless couple of hundred bucks couldn't really care who wins the election either party will do.
What about Bohemian Rhapsody Queen, that would be a nice one.
A dedication to my ex wife Anne.
If you could please, from Steve, formerly of Oyster Bay NSW.
21/08/2010
EditQuote.
Big_A2
Points: 64
stavrosthegreek said: What about Bohemian Rhapsody Queen, that would be a nice one.
They play that song, like, twice a day.
23/08/2010
Quote.
Boogie
Points: 30Hey Guys any chance of a bit more Cream or Eric?
27/08/2010
Quote.
MickJJ
Points: 8More Dire straights, U2, INXS and the Eagles and Im a happy camper
28/08/2010
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196more hunters and I am.
29/08/2010
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80get rid of Supertramp, etc. Late 70s soft ass crap
30/08/2010
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196yeah whilst I like msot of what classic rock play supertramp are a tune-out band for me. I'd be pretty happy if they were all gone.
good call bowee
6 days ago
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80apparently they have a warning on poisonous liquids that says if you swallow any, don't listen to supertramp, as it may induce vomiting
6 days ago
Quote.
MrAardvark
Points: 28Without trying to stir the possum, in my humble opinion, INXS is the biggest collection of pedestrian/ordinary music Australia has produced. "Just Keep Walking" and "Don't Change" aside, they all sound much the same - and the lyrics, wtf are they on about. And before you shoot me down in flames, have a listen to them and compare about 6 or 7 of their better known songs - they could all be the same song.
4 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296
bombers4ever said: yeah whilst I like msot of what classic rock play supertramp are a tune-out band for me. I'd be pretty happy if they were all gone.
good call bowee
Hmm bombers...be good to fire back your own words at you at this point:
"Its just a little tiresome that you seem to have this view that you are the font of all knowledge and the fact that the station isnt doing something you think it should means its not right.
ffs man if you dont like it, turn it off. How freaking hard can it be??? but just stop being a wanker here and imparting your infinite wisdom to the rest of us".
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196its a bit different to carpet bag the whole radio station like you seem to than to just point out one artist that I dont particularly care for.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296You're spinning more than Tony Blair. All you do is bag people for giving their opinion and then you give your opinion as if people actually care.
I've bagged the station's repetition. And I've stated before I don't bag for them playing certain acts...I merely bag them for playing them or particular songs too much.
I didn't join in the anti-"Glory days" chorus until I started hearing it flogged mercilessly. So, I was last on that band wagon.
I'm listening to Classic Rock a lot less now...station of last resort between Gold and Triple M...when they changed format it was first port of call. Maybe you convinced them that the complainers here were working for other stations because they took that flaw of theirs and magnified it many times over. Spending more time on indie radio...which is where I heard that terrific Patti Smith song I just uploaded here.
P.S. I love 2 or 3 Supertramp songs. Gee...maybe Classic Rock should hire you as their programme manager. Psych.
Take your own advice on giving out advice to Classic Rock. Cause you are a hypocrite when you do so.
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196dude youre being a little oversensitive. I can see your point on the irony of me saying I';m not a fan of supertramp given I've had a go at you for bagging the station. The difference is I'm not saying the stations a pile of the proverbial because they play supertramp, and nor am I expecting they;ll not play them just cos I dont like them. It was one comment on one band.
Im not against anyone - even you - expressing a personal opinion, it just is annoying when you seem to attack everything about the radio station when for the majority of it I dont mind it.
thats all I was saying.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296More spin bombers. You've overaggressively bagged me for sharing my opinions on the format and others too. If someone doesn't like the changes you accuse them of working for other radio stations. Just pathetic. When someone gives their opinion you paint them as being up themselves...yet dole out your own opinions like they are pearls of wisdom from on high. You're just clueless about your own behaviour. If you hadn't of been such a prat about bagging others for their own opinions I wouldn't bother bagging you when you give your opinion. Just saying that by your own behaviour you have proved yourself to be a hypocrite. That's all.
As for me attacking everything about the radio station...again, listen to me, I'm attacking their very narrow play list of acts and the songs that they flog to death. I listen so little to this station now because when Gold or Triple M are playing stuff I don't want to hear and I turn to Classic Rock, I go indie straight away because Classic Rock is playing one of the 15 or so acts that they flog to death...and it's usually one of the songs that they flog to death too.
And people are allowed to say that they think it sucks without people like you bagging them. Being the hypocrite that you are, I'm sure you'd start bagging the station if they changed their format again and support people posting their disatisfaction on these boards. The world doesn't revolve around you and you've made these boards very unpleasant with your attit
3 days ago
Quote.
bombers4ever
Points: 196perhaps we should agree to disagree. I'm not trying to get in an argument with you, we just seem to have a different opinion so why dont we leave it at that.
3 days ago
Quote.
dfle333
Points: 296I'm not looking for flame wars either but I just couldn't resist when you gave your opinion after bagging others here for doing the same.
I'm happy to end the discussion here.
3 days ago
http://www.classicrockfm.com.au/discussion_classic-rock-suggestion-request_98576?p=1#last
Quote.
Bowee
Points: 80so to sum it up - Supertramp are garbage and have no place on either a rock or classic station
2 hours ago
Quote.
stavrosthegreek
Points: 4Any chance of the song Birds of a feather? for Big Issue Lonsdale Street Melbourne and for the Body Shop Burke Street Mall.
From vendor Steve bonkers
The hot tramp.
Pedometer/ A total of 10,000 steps per day, equivalent to 5 miles (8.0 km), is recommended by some to be the benchmark for an active lifestyle
Pedometer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
A digital Omron HJ-112 pedometerA pedometer or step counter is a device, in modern times usually portable and electronic or electromechanical, that counts each step a person takes by detecting the motion of the person's hips. Because the distance of each person's step varies, an informal calibration performed by the user is required if a standardized distance (such as in kilometres or miles) is desired.
Used originally by sports and physical fitness enthusiasts, pedometers are now becoming popular as an everyday exercise measurer and motivator. Often worn on the belt and kept on all day, it can record how many steps the wearer has walked that day, and thus the kilometres or miles (distance = number of steps × step length). Some pedometers will also erroneously record movements other than walking, such as bending to tie one's shoes, or road bumps incurred while riding a vehicle, though the most advanced devices record fewer of these 'false steps'. Step counters can give encouragement to compete with oneself in getting fit and losing weight. A total of 10,000 steps per day, equivalent to 5 miles (8.0 km), is recommended by some to be the benchmark for an active lifestyle, although this point is debated among experts[1][2]. Step counters are being integrated into an increasing number of portable consumer electronic devices such as music players and mobile phones.
Contents [hide]
1 Usage
2 History
3 Technology
4 Accuracy
5 Integration in Personal Electronic Devices
5.1 Apple iPod Nano
5.2 Nike&iPod
5.3 Pedometers for iPhone/iPod Touch
5.4 NTT DoCoMo Fujitsu Pedometer Phone
5.5 Nokia 5500 Sports Phone
5.6 Nokia Sports Tracker
5.7 Nokia Step Counter
5.8 Sony Ericsson W710 walkman phone, W580 walkman phone
5.9 Nintendo DS
5.10 Philips Activa Workout Monitoring MP3 Player
6 References
7 External links
[edit] Usage
Pedometers can be a motivation tool for people wanting to increase their physical activity. Various websites exist to allow people to track their progress, however, many will also find entering their daily step count and a heart comter onto a calendar to be motivational as well. Pedometers have been shown in clinical studies to increase physical activity, and reduce blood pressure levels and Body Mass Index. A study published in the Journal of The American Medical Association Nov. 2007[3] concluded, “The results suggest that the use of a pedometer is associated with significant increases in physical activity and significant decreases in body mass index and blood pressure.”
A daily target of 10,000 steps was first proposed.[4] The target has been recommended by the US Surgeon General and by the UK Department of Health.[5][6] The main criticisms of setting a universal target are that it is not achievable for older persons with mobility problems or people with chronic diseases, but on the other hand, the target is too low for children.[5]
One criticism of the pedometer is that it does not record intensity, but this can be done by making step goals time limited (for example, 1000 steps in 10 minutes counts as moderate exercise).[7]
[edit] History
The Romans used an odometer calibrated to steps to measure distances for military and civil purposes, although technically this is not a step counter.[citation needed] Leonardo Da Vinci envisioned a mechanical pedometer as a device with military applications.[8][9] The modern all-mechanical pedometer was introduced later to the Americans by Thomas Jefferson.[10] Jefferson obtained a unit from France, but it is not known if he modified the design, or introduced it to the US as is. Although this pedometer is widely attributed to Mr. Jefferson,[11][12] proof is difficult to obtain as he never applied for any patents on any of his inventions.[13]
In 1965, a pedometer called a manpo-kei (meaning "10,000 steps meter" 万歩計) was marketed in Japan by Y. Hatano.[14]
Revision needed-Y. Hatano promoted "manpo-kei pedometers" from 1985, after his research was accepted as proving that 10,000 Steps A Day was the proper balance of caloric intake and activity-based caloric expenditure to maintain a healthy body, but Yamasa Tokei Keiki's founder, Yasuji Kato's father, manufactured pedometers recognized to be accurate, and, later named them, "manpo-kei." [15]
Pedometer Tracking Maps - The longest running pedometer tracking map is at www.stepsout.com. Starting in 2004 EDIS Computers created virtual maps that have circumnavigated the globe. They are fun and interactive and are designed to motivate steppers to do 10,000 steps a day.
[edit] Technology
The technology for a pedometer includes a mechanical sensor and software to count steps. Early forms used a mechanical switch to detect steps together with a simple counter. If one shakes these devices, one hears a lead ball sliding back and forth, or a pendulum striking stops as it swings. Today advanced step counters rely on MEMS inertial sensors and sophisticated software to detect steps. These MEMS sensors have either 1-, 2- or 3-axis detection of acceleration. The use of MEMS inertial sensors permits more accurate detection of steps and fewer false positives. The software technology used to interpret the output of the inertial sensor and "make sense of accurate steps" varies widely. The problem is compounded by the fact that in modern day-to-day life, such step-counters are expected to count accurately on locations where users frequently carry their devices (attached to the belt, shirt/pants pocket, hand bag, backpack).
[edit] Accuracy
The accuracy of step counters varies widely between devices. Typically, step counters are reasonably accurate at a walking pace on a flat surface if the device is placed in its optimal position (usually vertically on the belt clip). Although traditional step counters get affected dramatically when placed at different angles and locations, recent advances have made them more robust to those non-ideal placements. Still, most step counters falsely count steps when a user is driving a car or makes other habitual motions that the device encounters throughout the day. This error accumulates for users with moderate commutes to work.[16] Accuracy also depends on the step-length the user enters.
Best pedometers are accurate to within ± 5% error.[17][18]
[edit] Integration in Personal Electronic Devices
Nike+iPod Sports Kit[edit] Apple iPod Nano
The 5th generation iPod Nano by Apple features an integrated pedometer.[19]
[edit] Nike&iPod
Apple and Nike, Inc. offer the Nike+iPod Sports Kit, which uses a shoe sensor that communicates with a wireless MP3 Player receiver to transmit workout information such as elapsed time, distance traveled, and calories burned.
[edit] Pedometers for iPhone/iPod Touch
Since iPhones/iPods Touch are enhanced with an integrated accelerometer it is possible to introduce pedometer functionality to the devices. This option was successfully realized by a number of iPhone/iPod Touch applications developers, enabling any fitness savvy iPhone/iPod Touch owners track the number of taken steps as well as passed distance and burnt calories. According to the Apple AppStore statistics, the most successful implementation of a pedometer to the iPhone/iPod Touch devices is the All-in Pedometer.
[edit] NTT DoCoMo Fujitsu Pedometer Phone
This is the first integrated phone with a pedometer that works 24 by 7 and counts step like an Omron pedometer. The sensor is made by ADI. This handset was introduced in Japan in 2004 and has sold over 3 million units.
Nokia 5500 Sports Phone[edit] Nokia 5500 Sports Phone
The Nokia 5500 Sports Phone uses an embedded 3 axis MEMS inertial sensor to detect the steps a user takes. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. However the application cannot run continuously as it drains the phone's battery and is therefore of limited use.
[edit] Nokia Sports Tracker
Nokia Sports Tracker features pedometer for Nokia Symbian phones with a Accelerometer. Accelerometers are included in phones to save correct orientation on photos and to improve gps positioning feature.
[edit] Nokia Step Counter
Nokia Step Counter is a free application available at Nokia Beta Labs which works on a wide range of N-Series Nokia phones. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. This application can be left running all day as it is not a huge drain on the battery.
Sony Ericsson w710i walkman phone[edit] Sony Ericsson W710 walkman phone, W580 walkman phone
The Sony Ericsson W710 and W580 walkman phones use embedded 2 axis MEMS inertial sensors to detect the steps a user takes. The W710 is a clamshell phone and displays the user's steps on the external display. The W710 must be closed in order for it to count steps. When the step counter is activated, it counts detected steps during the day, and at midnight it stores the counter in a day-by-day history and resets it to zero.
[edit] Nintendo DS
On November 1, 2008, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS title Personal Trainer: Walking (歩いてわかる 生活リズムDS, Aruite Wakaru Seikatsu Rhythm DS?), which includes two pedometers. They connect to the game card via infrared signals.
On September 12, 2009, Nintendo released Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver in Japan. Each game comes bundled with a device called a Pokéwalker, which functions as a pedometer and allows players to transfer one Pokémon from their game to the Pokéwalker via infrared signals. Unlike the Personal Trainer: Walking pedometers, the Pokéwalker features a small LCD screen and multiple buttons. Walking with the Pokéwalker earns experience points for the Pokémon.[20]
[edit] Philips Activa Workout Monitoring MP3 Player
Released May 2010, by Philips. This MP3 capable pedometer measures aerobic intensity and matches songs on the playlist to keep the user engaged and motivated.[21]
[edit] References
1.^ 10,000 steps
2.^ Tudor-Locke, Catrine (June 2002). "Taking Steps toward Increased Physical Activity: Using Pedometers To Measure and Motivate". President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, Washington, DC. http://www.fitness.gov/pcpfsdigestjune2002.pdf.
3.^ Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS (November 21, 2007). "Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health". The Journal of the American Medical Association 298 (19): 2296. doi:10.1001/jama.298.19.2296. PMID 18029834. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/298/19/2296.
4.^ "What is 10,000 Steps?". AccuStep10000. http://www.accustep10000.org/what.htm. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
5.^ a b Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr (2004). "How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health". Sports Med 34 (1): 1–8. PMID 14715035.
6.^ "The 10,000 steps challenge". National Health Service. 11 December 2007. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/loseweight/Pages/10000stepschallenge.aspx. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
7.^ Marshall SJ, Levy SS, Tudor-Locke CE, et al. (2009). "Translating physical activity recommendations into a pedometer-based step goal". Am J Prev Med. http://www.ajpm-online.net/webfiles/images/journals/amepre/AMEPRE2453.PDF.
8.^ Leonardo Da Vinci (1938). Edward MacCurdy. ed. The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. p. 166.
9.^ Gibbs-Smith (1978).
10.^ Wolf ML (1995). "Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Louis Brandeis and the Mystery of the Universe". Boston University Journal of Science & Technology Law 1. http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume1/WOLF.pdf.
11.^ "Pedometers: Your mileage may vary". Interesting Thing of the Day. alt concepts. 14 November 2004. http://itotd.com/articles/368/pedometers/. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
12.^ Wilson DL, Stanton LCJ (1996). Thomas Jefferson Abroad. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0679601864.
13.^ Diersen SE & Fransworth S. "Jefferson's Inventions". University of Virginia. http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~meg3c/classes/tcc313/200Rprojs/jefferson_invent/invent.html. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
14.^ Catrine Tudor-Locke (2003). Manpo-Kei: The Art and Science of Step Counting. Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55395-481-5.
15.^ W Ron Sutton, Mr. Pedometer, personally know all 3 people involved
16.^ M. Karabulut, S. Crouter, D. Bassett (2005). "Comparison of two waist-mounted and two ankle-mounted electronic pedometers". European Journal of Applied Physiology 95 (4): 335. doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0018-3. PMID 16132120.
17.^ Susan D. Vincent, Cara L. Sidman (2003). "Determining Measurement Error in Digital Pedometers". Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1207/S15327841MPEE0701_2.
18.^ C G Ryan, P M Grant, W W Tigbe, M H Granat (2006). "The validity and reliability of a novel activity monitor as a measure of walking". British Journal of Sports Medicine 40 (40): 779–784. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027276. PMID 16825270.
19.^ http://www.apple.com/ipodnano/features/fitness.html
20.^ http://www.pokemon.co.jp/special/hgss/pokewalker/
21.^ http://www.pedometers.org/mp3-pedometer/
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
A digital Omron HJ-112 pedometerA pedometer or step counter is a device, in modern times usually portable and electronic or electromechanical, that counts each step a person takes by detecting the motion of the person's hips. Because the distance of each person's step varies, an informal calibration performed by the user is required if a standardized distance (such as in kilometres or miles) is desired.
Used originally by sports and physical fitness enthusiasts, pedometers are now becoming popular as an everyday exercise measurer and motivator. Often worn on the belt and kept on all day, it can record how many steps the wearer has walked that day, and thus the kilometres or miles (distance = number of steps × step length). Some pedometers will also erroneously record movements other than walking, such as bending to tie one's shoes, or road bumps incurred while riding a vehicle, though the most advanced devices record fewer of these 'false steps'. Step counters can give encouragement to compete with oneself in getting fit and losing weight. A total of 10,000 steps per day, equivalent to 5 miles (8.0 km), is recommended by some to be the benchmark for an active lifestyle, although this point is debated among experts[1][2]. Step counters are being integrated into an increasing number of portable consumer electronic devices such as music players and mobile phones.
Contents [hide]
1 Usage
2 History
3 Technology
4 Accuracy
5 Integration in Personal Electronic Devices
5.1 Apple iPod Nano
5.2 Nike&iPod
5.3 Pedometers for iPhone/iPod Touch
5.4 NTT DoCoMo Fujitsu Pedometer Phone
5.5 Nokia 5500 Sports Phone
5.6 Nokia Sports Tracker
5.7 Nokia Step Counter
5.8 Sony Ericsson W710 walkman phone, W580 walkman phone
5.9 Nintendo DS
5.10 Philips Activa Workout Monitoring MP3 Player
6 References
7 External links
[edit] Usage
Pedometers can be a motivation tool for people wanting to increase their physical activity. Various websites exist to allow people to track their progress, however, many will also find entering their daily step count and a heart comter onto a calendar to be motivational as well. Pedometers have been shown in clinical studies to increase physical activity, and reduce blood pressure levels and Body Mass Index. A study published in the Journal of The American Medical Association Nov. 2007[3] concluded, “The results suggest that the use of a pedometer is associated with significant increases in physical activity and significant decreases in body mass index and blood pressure.”
A daily target of 10,000 steps was first proposed.[4] The target has been recommended by the US Surgeon General and by the UK Department of Health.[5][6] The main criticisms of setting a universal target are that it is not achievable for older persons with mobility problems or people with chronic diseases, but on the other hand, the target is too low for children.[5]
One criticism of the pedometer is that it does not record intensity, but this can be done by making step goals time limited (for example, 1000 steps in 10 minutes counts as moderate exercise).[7]
[edit] History
The Romans used an odometer calibrated to steps to measure distances for military and civil purposes, although technically this is not a step counter.[citation needed] Leonardo Da Vinci envisioned a mechanical pedometer as a device with military applications.[8][9] The modern all-mechanical pedometer was introduced later to the Americans by Thomas Jefferson.[10] Jefferson obtained a unit from France, but it is not known if he modified the design, or introduced it to the US as is. Although this pedometer is widely attributed to Mr. Jefferson,[11][12] proof is difficult to obtain as he never applied for any patents on any of his inventions.[13]
In 1965, a pedometer called a manpo-kei (meaning "10,000 steps meter" 万歩計) was marketed in Japan by Y. Hatano.[14]
Revision needed-Y. Hatano promoted "manpo-kei pedometers" from 1985, after his research was accepted as proving that 10,000 Steps A Day was the proper balance of caloric intake and activity-based caloric expenditure to maintain a healthy body, but Yamasa Tokei Keiki's founder, Yasuji Kato's father, manufactured pedometers recognized to be accurate, and, later named them, "manpo-kei." [15]
Pedometer Tracking Maps - The longest running pedometer tracking map is at www.stepsout.com. Starting in 2004 EDIS Computers created virtual maps that have circumnavigated the globe. They are fun and interactive and are designed to motivate steppers to do 10,000 steps a day.
[edit] Technology
The technology for a pedometer includes a mechanical sensor and software to count steps. Early forms used a mechanical switch to detect steps together with a simple counter. If one shakes these devices, one hears a lead ball sliding back and forth, or a pendulum striking stops as it swings. Today advanced step counters rely on MEMS inertial sensors and sophisticated software to detect steps. These MEMS sensors have either 1-, 2- or 3-axis detection of acceleration. The use of MEMS inertial sensors permits more accurate detection of steps and fewer false positives. The software technology used to interpret the output of the inertial sensor and "make sense of accurate steps" varies widely. The problem is compounded by the fact that in modern day-to-day life, such step-counters are expected to count accurately on locations where users frequently carry their devices (attached to the belt, shirt/pants pocket, hand bag, backpack).
[edit] Accuracy
The accuracy of step counters varies widely between devices. Typically, step counters are reasonably accurate at a walking pace on a flat surface if the device is placed in its optimal position (usually vertically on the belt clip). Although traditional step counters get affected dramatically when placed at different angles and locations, recent advances have made them more robust to those non-ideal placements. Still, most step counters falsely count steps when a user is driving a car or makes other habitual motions that the device encounters throughout the day. This error accumulates for users with moderate commutes to work.[16] Accuracy also depends on the step-length the user enters.
Best pedometers are accurate to within ± 5% error.[17][18]
[edit] Integration in Personal Electronic Devices
Nike+iPod Sports Kit[edit] Apple iPod Nano
The 5th generation iPod Nano by Apple features an integrated pedometer.[19]
[edit] Nike&iPod
Apple and Nike, Inc. offer the Nike+iPod Sports Kit, which uses a shoe sensor that communicates with a wireless MP3 Player receiver to transmit workout information such as elapsed time, distance traveled, and calories burned.
[edit] Pedometers for iPhone/iPod Touch
Since iPhones/iPods Touch are enhanced with an integrated accelerometer it is possible to introduce pedometer functionality to the devices. This option was successfully realized by a number of iPhone/iPod Touch applications developers, enabling any fitness savvy iPhone/iPod Touch owners track the number of taken steps as well as passed distance and burnt calories. According to the Apple AppStore statistics, the most successful implementation of a pedometer to the iPhone/iPod Touch devices is the All-in Pedometer.
[edit] NTT DoCoMo Fujitsu Pedometer Phone
This is the first integrated phone with a pedometer that works 24 by 7 and counts step like an Omron pedometer. The sensor is made by ADI. This handset was introduced in Japan in 2004 and has sold over 3 million units.
Nokia 5500 Sports Phone[edit] Nokia 5500 Sports Phone
The Nokia 5500 Sports Phone uses an embedded 3 axis MEMS inertial sensor to detect the steps a user takes. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. However the application cannot run continuously as it drains the phone's battery and is therefore of limited use.
[edit] Nokia Sports Tracker
Nokia Sports Tracker features pedometer for Nokia Symbian phones with a Accelerometer. Accelerometers are included in phones to save correct orientation on photos and to improve gps positioning feature.
[edit] Nokia Step Counter
Nokia Step Counter is a free application available at Nokia Beta Labs which works on a wide range of N-Series Nokia phones. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. This application can be left running all day as it is not a huge drain on the battery.
Sony Ericsson w710i walkman phone[edit] Sony Ericsson W710 walkman phone, W580 walkman phone
The Sony Ericsson W710 and W580 walkman phones use embedded 2 axis MEMS inertial sensors to detect the steps a user takes. The W710 is a clamshell phone and displays the user's steps on the external display. The W710 must be closed in order for it to count steps. When the step counter is activated, it counts detected steps during the day, and at midnight it stores the counter in a day-by-day history and resets it to zero.
[edit] Nintendo DS
On November 1, 2008, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS title Personal Trainer: Walking (歩いてわかる 生活リズムDS, Aruite Wakaru Seikatsu Rhythm DS?), which includes two pedometers. They connect to the game card via infrared signals.
On September 12, 2009, Nintendo released Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver in Japan. Each game comes bundled with a device called a Pokéwalker, which functions as a pedometer and allows players to transfer one Pokémon from their game to the Pokéwalker via infrared signals. Unlike the Personal Trainer: Walking pedometers, the Pokéwalker features a small LCD screen and multiple buttons. Walking with the Pokéwalker earns experience points for the Pokémon.[20]
[edit] Philips Activa Workout Monitoring MP3 Player
Released May 2010, by Philips. This MP3 capable pedometer measures aerobic intensity and matches songs on the playlist to keep the user engaged and motivated.[21]
[edit] References
1.^ 10,000 steps
2.^ Tudor-Locke, Catrine (June 2002). "Taking Steps toward Increased Physical Activity: Using Pedometers To Measure and Motivate". President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, Washington, DC. http://www.fitness.gov/pcpfsdigestjune2002.pdf.
3.^ Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS (November 21, 2007). "Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health". The Journal of the American Medical Association 298 (19): 2296. doi:10.1001/jama.298.19.2296. PMID 18029834. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/298/19/2296.
4.^ "What is 10,000 Steps?". AccuStep10000. http://www.accustep10000.org/what.htm. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
5.^ a b Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr (2004). "How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health". Sports Med 34 (1): 1–8. PMID 14715035.
6.^ "The 10,000 steps challenge". National Health Service. 11 December 2007. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/loseweight/Pages/10000stepschallenge.aspx. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
7.^ Marshall SJ, Levy SS, Tudor-Locke CE, et al. (2009). "Translating physical activity recommendations into a pedometer-based step goal". Am J Prev Med. http://www.ajpm-online.net/webfiles/images/journals/amepre/AMEPRE2453.PDF.
8.^ Leonardo Da Vinci (1938). Edward MacCurdy. ed. The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. p. 166.
9.^ Gibbs-Smith (1978).
10.^ Wolf ML (1995). "Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Louis Brandeis and the Mystery of the Universe". Boston University Journal of Science & Technology Law 1. http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/scitech/volume1/WOLF.pdf.
11.^ "Pedometers: Your mileage may vary". Interesting Thing of the Day. alt concepts. 14 November 2004. http://itotd.com/articles/368/pedometers/. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
12.^ Wilson DL, Stanton LCJ (1996). Thomas Jefferson Abroad. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0679601864.
13.^ Diersen SE & Fransworth S. "Jefferson's Inventions". University of Virginia. http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~meg3c/classes/tcc313/200Rprojs/jefferson_invent/invent.html. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
14.^ Catrine Tudor-Locke (2003). Manpo-Kei: The Art and Science of Step Counting. Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55395-481-5.
15.^ W Ron Sutton, Mr. Pedometer, personally know all 3 people involved
16.^ M. Karabulut, S. Crouter, D. Bassett (2005). "Comparison of two waist-mounted and two ankle-mounted electronic pedometers". European Journal of Applied Physiology 95 (4): 335. doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0018-3. PMID 16132120.
17.^ Susan D. Vincent, Cara L. Sidman (2003). "Determining Measurement Error in Digital Pedometers". Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1207/S15327841MPEE0701_2.
18.^ C G Ryan, P M Grant, W W Tigbe, M H Granat (2006). "The validity and reliability of a novel activity monitor as a measure of walking". British Journal of Sports Medicine 40 (40): 779–784. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027276. PMID 16825270.
19.^ http://www.apple.com/ipodnano/features/fitness.html
20.^ http://www.pokemon.co.jp/special/hgss/pokewalker/
21.^ http://www.pedometers.org/mp3-pedometer/
Average human walking speed is about 3 mph (4.8 km/h).
Walking
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
This article is about the mode of transportation. For other uses, see Walking (disambiguation).
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (February 2009)
Simple Walk-CycleWalking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals, and is typically slower than running and other gaits. Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the number of limbs - even arthropods with six, eight or more limbs.
In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support. In contrast, running begins when both feet are off the ground with each step. This distinction has the status of a formal requirement in competitive walking events. For quadrupedal species, there are numerous gaits which may be termed walking or running, and distinctions based upon the presence or absence of a suspended phase or the number of feet in contact any time do not yield mechanically correct classification. The most effective method to distinguish walking from running is based on the percent of the stride in which a foot is in contact with the ground (averaged across all feet); defining a walk as greater than 50% contact corresponds well with identification of 'inverted pendulum' mechanics via force plate measurements.
The average human child achieves independent walking ability around 11 months old.[1] The word walk is descended from the Old English wealcan "to roll".
For humans, walking is the main form of transportation without a vehicle or riding animal. Although walking speeds can vary greatly depending on factors such as height, weight, age, terrain, surface, load, culture, effort, and fitness, the average human walking speed is about 3 mph (4.8 km/h). Specific studies have found pedestrian walking speeds ranging from 4.11 to 4.33 feet per second (2.8 mph ~ 2.95 mph | 4.51 km/h ~ 4.75 km/h) for older individuals to 4.85 to 4.95 fps (3.3 mph ~ 3.38 mph | 5.32 km/h ~ 5.43 km/h) for younger individuals.[2][3] A pedestrian is a person who is walking on a road, sidewalk or path.
Contents [hide]
1 Health benefits of walking
2 Paleoanthropology and ambulation
3 Variants of walking
4 Biomechanics
5 Walking speed
6 As a leisure activity
7 As transportation
7.1 Walkability
8 In robotics
9 See also
10 Notes
11 External links
[edit] Health benefits of walking
Main article: Physical Exercise
Sustained walking sessions for a minimum period of thirty to sixty minutes a day, five days a week, with the correct walking posture,[4][5] reduces health risks and has various overall health benefits,[6] such as reducing the chances of cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, anxiety and depression.[7] Life expectancy is also increased even for individuals suffering from obesity or high blood pressure. Walking also increases bone health, especially strengthening the hip bone, and lowering the more harmful bad low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and raises the more useful good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
[edit] Paleoanthropology and ambulation
Judging from foot prints discovered on a former shore in Kenya, it is thought possible that ancestors of modern humans were walking in ways very similar to the present activity as much as 1.5 million years ago.[16][17]
[edit] Variants of walking
While not strictly bipedal, several primarily bipedal human gaits (where the long bones of the arms support at most a small fraction of the body's weight) are generally regarded as variants of walking. These include:
Hand walking; an unusual form of locomotion, in which the walker moves primarily using their hands.
Walking on crutches (usually executed by alternating between standing on both legs, and rocking forward "on the crutches" (i.e., supported under the armpits by them);
Walking with one or two walking stick(s) or trekking poles (reducing the load on one or both legs, or supplementing the body's normal balancing mechanisms by also pushing against the ground through at least one arm that holds a long object);
Walking while holding on to a walker, a framework to aid with balance; and
Scrambling, using the arms (and hands or some other extension to the arms) not just as a backup to normal balance, but, as when walking on talus, to achieve states of balance that would be impossible or unstable when supported solely by the legs.
[edit] Biomechanics
Human walking is accomplished with a strategy called the double pendulum. During forward motion, the leg that leaves the ground swings forward from the hip. This sweep is the first pendulum. Then the leg strikes the ground with the heel and rolls through to the toe in a motion described as an inverted pendulum. The motion of the two legs is coordinated so that one foot or the other is always in contact with the ground. The process of walking recovers approximately sixty per cent of the energy used due to pendulum dynamics and ground reaction force.[18][19]
Walking differs from a running gait in a number of ways. The most obvious is that during walking one leg always stays on the ground while the other is swinging. In running there is typically a ballistic phase where the runner is airborne with both feet in the air (for bipedals).
Another difference concerns the movement of the center of mass of the body. In walking the body "vaults" over the leg on the ground, raising the center of mass to its highest point as the leg passes the vertical, and dropping it to the lowest as the legs are spread apart. Essentially kinetic energy of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in potential energy. This is reversed in running where the center of mass is at its lowest as the leg is vertical. This is because the impact of landing from the ballistic phase is absorbed by bending the leg and consequently storing energy in muscles and tendons. In running there is a conversion between kinetic, potential, and elastic energy.
There is an absolute limit on an individual's speed of walking (without special techniques such as those employed in speed walking) due to the upwards acceleration of the center of mass during a stride - if it's greater than the acceleration due to gravity the person will become airborne as they vault over the leg on the ground. Typically however, animals switch to a run at a lower speed than this due to energy efficiencies.
[edit] Walking speed
Average adult walking speed on level surfaces is approximately 80 m/min (4.8 km/h, 12.5 min/km), or about 3 miles per hour. For men, it is about 82 m/min, and for women, about 79 m/min.[20]
[edit] As a leisure activity
Race walking. Note that a number of competitors are cheating (i.e., running).Many people walk as a hobby, and in our post-industrial age it is often enjoyed as one of the best forms of exercise.[21]
Fitness walkers and others may use a pedometer to count their steps. The types of walking include bushwalking, racewalking, weight-walking, hillwalking, volksmarching, Nordic walking and hiking on long-distance paths. Sometimes people prefer to walk indoors using a treadmill. In some countries walking as a hobby is known as hiking (the typical North American term), rambling (a somewhat dated British expression, but remaining in use because it is enshrined in the title of the important Ramblers), or tramping. Hiking is a subtype of walking, generally used to mean walking in nature areas on specially designated routes or trails, as opposed to in urban environments; however, hiking can also refer to any long-distance walk. More obscure terms for walking include "to go by Marrow-bone stage", "to take one's daily constitutional", "to ride Shank's pony", "to ride Shank's mare", or "to go by Walker's bus". Among search and rescue responders, those responders who walk (rather than ride, drive, fly, climb, or sit in a communications trailer) often are known as "ground pounders".[22][23]
The Walking the Way to Health Initiative is the largest volunteer led walking scheme in the United Kingdom. Volunteers are trained to lead free Health Walks from community venues such as libraries and GP surgeries. The scheme has trained over 35,000 volunteers and have over 500 schemes operating across the UK, with thousands of people walking every week.
Professionals working to increase the number of people walking more usually come from 6 sectors: health, transport, environment, schools, sport & recreation and urban design. A new organization called Walk England launched a web site on the 18th June 2008 to provide these professionals with evidence, advice and examples of success stories of how to encourage communities to walk more. The site has a social networking aspect to allow professionals and the public to ask questions, discuss, post news and events and communicate with others in their area about walking, as well as a "walk now" option to find out what walks are available in each region.
The world's largest registration walking event is the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen. The annual Labor Day walk on Mackinac Bridge draws over sixty thousand participants. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge walk annually draws over fifty thousand participants. Walks are often organized as charity events with walkers seeking sponsors to raise money for a specific cause. Charity walks range in length from two mile (3 km) or five km walks to as far as fifty miles (eighty km). The MS Challenge Walk is an example of a fifty mile walk which raises money to fight multiple sclerosis. The Oxfam Trailwalker is a one hundred km event.
Sheep walking along a roadIn Britain, the Ramblers' Association is the biggest organization that looks after the interests of walkers. A registered charity, it has 139,000 members. Regular, brisk cycling or walking can improve confidence, stamina, energy, weight control, life expectancy and reduce stress. It can also reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, strokes, diabetes, high blood pressure, bowel cancer and osteoporosis. Modern scientific studies have shown that walking, besides its physical benefits, is also beneficial for the mind — improving memory skills, learning ability, concentration and abstract reasoning, as well as reducing stress and uplifting one's spirits.
As a form of tourism there are many options for walking. The most famous one would be "walking tours" normally offered in different cities by paid guide tours. However, there are some volunteers that can drive walking tours for tourists and do not charge for it, but just ask for a small tip at the end of the walk.
[edit] As transportation
Walking is the most basic and common mode of transportation and is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, and has numerous environmental benefits. However people are walking less in the UK, a Department of Transport report found that between 1995/97 and 2005 the average number of walk trips per person fell by 16%, from 292 to 245 per year. Many professionals in local authorities and the NHS are employed to halt this decline by ensuring that the built environment allows people to walk and that there are walking opportunities available to them.
"Walking is convenient, it needs no special equipment, is self-regulating and inherently safe. Walking is as natural as breathing." John Butcher, Founder Walk21, 1999
On roads with no sidewalks, pedestrians should always walk facing the oncoming traffic for their own and other people's safety.
When distances are too great to be convenient,walking can be combined with other modes of transportation, such as cycling, public transport, car sharing, carpooling, hitchhiking, ride sharing, car rentals and taxis. These methods may be more efficient or desirable than private car ownership, being a healthy means of physical exercise.
[edit] Walkability
There has been a recent focus among urban planners in some communities to create pedestrian-friendly areas and roads, allowing commuting, shopping and recreation to be done on foot. The concept of walkability has arisen as a measure of the degree to which an area is friendly to walking. Some communities are at least partially car-free, making them particularly supportive of walking and other modes of transportation. In the United States, the Active Living network is an example of a concerted effort to develop communities more friendly to walking and other physical activities.
Walking is also considered to be a clear example of a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and/or relatively shorter distances. Non-motorised transport modes such as walking, but also cycling, small-wheeled transport (skates, skateboards, push scooters and hand carts) or wheelchair travel are often key elements of successfully encouraging clean urban transport.[24] A large variety of case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate walking as a means of transportation in cities can be found at Eltis, Europe's portal for local transport.[25]
The development of specific rights of way with appropriate infrastructure can promote increased participation and enjoyment of walking. Examples of types of investment include pedestrian malls, and foreshoreways such as oceanways and riverwalks.
[edit] In robotics
Main article: Robot locomotion
The first successful attempts at walking robots tended to have 6 legs. The number of legs was reduced as microprocessor technology advanced, and there are now a number of robots that can walk on 2 legs. One for example, is ASIMO. Although robots have taken great strides in advancement, they still don't walk nearly as well as human beings[citation needed] as they often need to keep their knees bent permanently in order to improve stability.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
This article is about the mode of transportation. For other uses, see Walking (disambiguation).
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (February 2009)
Simple Walk-CycleWalking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals, and is typically slower than running and other gaits. Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the number of limbs - even arthropods with six, eight or more limbs.
In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support. In contrast, running begins when both feet are off the ground with each step. This distinction has the status of a formal requirement in competitive walking events. For quadrupedal species, there are numerous gaits which may be termed walking or running, and distinctions based upon the presence or absence of a suspended phase or the number of feet in contact any time do not yield mechanically correct classification. The most effective method to distinguish walking from running is based on the percent of the stride in which a foot is in contact with the ground (averaged across all feet); defining a walk as greater than 50% contact corresponds well with identification of 'inverted pendulum' mechanics via force plate measurements.
The average human child achieves independent walking ability around 11 months old.[1] The word walk is descended from the Old English wealcan "to roll".
For humans, walking is the main form of transportation without a vehicle or riding animal. Although walking speeds can vary greatly depending on factors such as height, weight, age, terrain, surface, load, culture, effort, and fitness, the average human walking speed is about 3 mph (4.8 km/h). Specific studies have found pedestrian walking speeds ranging from 4.11 to 4.33 feet per second (2.8 mph ~ 2.95 mph | 4.51 km/h ~ 4.75 km/h) for older individuals to 4.85 to 4.95 fps (3.3 mph ~ 3.38 mph | 5.32 km/h ~ 5.43 km/h) for younger individuals.[2][3] A pedestrian is a person who is walking on a road, sidewalk or path.
Contents [hide]
1 Health benefits of walking
2 Paleoanthropology and ambulation
3 Variants of walking
4 Biomechanics
5 Walking speed
6 As a leisure activity
7 As transportation
7.1 Walkability
8 In robotics
9 See also
10 Notes
11 External links
[edit] Health benefits of walking
Main article: Physical Exercise
Sustained walking sessions for a minimum period of thirty to sixty minutes a day, five days a week, with the correct walking posture,[4][5] reduces health risks and has various overall health benefits,[6] such as reducing the chances of cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, anxiety and depression.[7] Life expectancy is also increased even for individuals suffering from obesity or high blood pressure. Walking also increases bone health, especially strengthening the hip bone, and lowering the more harmful bad low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and raises the more useful good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
[edit] Paleoanthropology and ambulation
Judging from foot prints discovered on a former shore in Kenya, it is thought possible that ancestors of modern humans were walking in ways very similar to the present activity as much as 1.5 million years ago.[16][17]
[edit] Variants of walking
While not strictly bipedal, several primarily bipedal human gaits (where the long bones of the arms support at most a small fraction of the body's weight) are generally regarded as variants of walking. These include:
Hand walking; an unusual form of locomotion, in which the walker moves primarily using their hands.
Walking on crutches (usually executed by alternating between standing on both legs, and rocking forward "on the crutches" (i.e., supported under the armpits by them);
Walking with one or two walking stick(s) or trekking poles (reducing the load on one or both legs, or supplementing the body's normal balancing mechanisms by also pushing against the ground through at least one arm that holds a long object);
Walking while holding on to a walker, a framework to aid with balance; and
Scrambling, using the arms (and hands or some other extension to the arms) not just as a backup to normal balance, but, as when walking on talus, to achieve states of balance that would be impossible or unstable when supported solely by the legs.
[edit] Biomechanics
Human walking is accomplished with a strategy called the double pendulum. During forward motion, the leg that leaves the ground swings forward from the hip. This sweep is the first pendulum. Then the leg strikes the ground with the heel and rolls through to the toe in a motion described as an inverted pendulum. The motion of the two legs is coordinated so that one foot or the other is always in contact with the ground. The process of walking recovers approximately sixty per cent of the energy used due to pendulum dynamics and ground reaction force.[18][19]
Walking differs from a running gait in a number of ways. The most obvious is that during walking one leg always stays on the ground while the other is swinging. In running there is typically a ballistic phase where the runner is airborne with both feet in the air (for bipedals).
Another difference concerns the movement of the center of mass of the body. In walking the body "vaults" over the leg on the ground, raising the center of mass to its highest point as the leg passes the vertical, and dropping it to the lowest as the legs are spread apart. Essentially kinetic energy of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in potential energy. This is reversed in running where the center of mass is at its lowest as the leg is vertical. This is because the impact of landing from the ballistic phase is absorbed by bending the leg and consequently storing energy in muscles and tendons. In running there is a conversion between kinetic, potential, and elastic energy.
There is an absolute limit on an individual's speed of walking (without special techniques such as those employed in speed walking) due to the upwards acceleration of the center of mass during a stride - if it's greater than the acceleration due to gravity the person will become airborne as they vault over the leg on the ground. Typically however, animals switch to a run at a lower speed than this due to energy efficiencies.
[edit] Walking speed
Average adult walking speed on level surfaces is approximately 80 m/min (4.8 km/h, 12.5 min/km), or about 3 miles per hour. For men, it is about 82 m/min, and for women, about 79 m/min.[20]
[edit] As a leisure activity
Race walking. Note that a number of competitors are cheating (i.e., running).Many people walk as a hobby, and in our post-industrial age it is often enjoyed as one of the best forms of exercise.[21]
Fitness walkers and others may use a pedometer to count their steps. The types of walking include bushwalking, racewalking, weight-walking, hillwalking, volksmarching, Nordic walking and hiking on long-distance paths. Sometimes people prefer to walk indoors using a treadmill. In some countries walking as a hobby is known as hiking (the typical North American term), rambling (a somewhat dated British expression, but remaining in use because it is enshrined in the title of the important Ramblers), or tramping. Hiking is a subtype of walking, generally used to mean walking in nature areas on specially designated routes or trails, as opposed to in urban environments; however, hiking can also refer to any long-distance walk. More obscure terms for walking include "to go by Marrow-bone stage", "to take one's daily constitutional", "to ride Shank's pony", "to ride Shank's mare", or "to go by Walker's bus". Among search and rescue responders, those responders who walk (rather than ride, drive, fly, climb, or sit in a communications trailer) often are known as "ground pounders".[22][23]
The Walking the Way to Health Initiative is the largest volunteer led walking scheme in the United Kingdom. Volunteers are trained to lead free Health Walks from community venues such as libraries and GP surgeries. The scheme has trained over 35,000 volunteers and have over 500 schemes operating across the UK, with thousands of people walking every week.
Professionals working to increase the number of people walking more usually come from 6 sectors: health, transport, environment, schools, sport & recreation and urban design. A new organization called Walk England launched a web site on the 18th June 2008 to provide these professionals with evidence, advice and examples of success stories of how to encourage communities to walk more. The site has a social networking aspect to allow professionals and the public to ask questions, discuss, post news and events and communicate with others in their area about walking, as well as a "walk now" option to find out what walks are available in each region.
The world's largest registration walking event is the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen. The annual Labor Day walk on Mackinac Bridge draws over sixty thousand participants. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge walk annually draws over fifty thousand participants. Walks are often organized as charity events with walkers seeking sponsors to raise money for a specific cause. Charity walks range in length from two mile (3 km) or five km walks to as far as fifty miles (eighty km). The MS Challenge Walk is an example of a fifty mile walk which raises money to fight multiple sclerosis. The Oxfam Trailwalker is a one hundred km event.
Sheep walking along a roadIn Britain, the Ramblers' Association is the biggest organization that looks after the interests of walkers. A registered charity, it has 139,000 members. Regular, brisk cycling or walking can improve confidence, stamina, energy, weight control, life expectancy and reduce stress. It can also reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, strokes, diabetes, high blood pressure, bowel cancer and osteoporosis. Modern scientific studies have shown that walking, besides its physical benefits, is also beneficial for the mind — improving memory skills, learning ability, concentration and abstract reasoning, as well as reducing stress and uplifting one's spirits.
As a form of tourism there are many options for walking. The most famous one would be "walking tours" normally offered in different cities by paid guide tours. However, there are some volunteers that can drive walking tours for tourists and do not charge for it, but just ask for a small tip at the end of the walk.
[edit] As transportation
Walking is the most basic and common mode of transportation and is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, and has numerous environmental benefits. However people are walking less in the UK, a Department of Transport report found that between 1995/97 and 2005 the average number of walk trips per person fell by 16%, from 292 to 245 per year. Many professionals in local authorities and the NHS are employed to halt this decline by ensuring that the built environment allows people to walk and that there are walking opportunities available to them.
"Walking is convenient, it needs no special equipment, is self-regulating and inherently safe. Walking is as natural as breathing." John Butcher, Founder Walk21, 1999
On roads with no sidewalks, pedestrians should always walk facing the oncoming traffic for their own and other people's safety.
When distances are too great to be convenient,walking can be combined with other modes of transportation, such as cycling, public transport, car sharing, carpooling, hitchhiking, ride sharing, car rentals and taxis. These methods may be more efficient or desirable than private car ownership, being a healthy means of physical exercise.
[edit] Walkability
There has been a recent focus among urban planners in some communities to create pedestrian-friendly areas and roads, allowing commuting, shopping and recreation to be done on foot. The concept of walkability has arisen as a measure of the degree to which an area is friendly to walking. Some communities are at least partially car-free, making them particularly supportive of walking and other modes of transportation. In the United States, the Active Living network is an example of a concerted effort to develop communities more friendly to walking and other physical activities.
Walking is also considered to be a clear example of a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and/or relatively shorter distances. Non-motorised transport modes such as walking, but also cycling, small-wheeled transport (skates, skateboards, push scooters and hand carts) or wheelchair travel are often key elements of successfully encouraging clean urban transport.[24] A large variety of case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate walking as a means of transportation in cities can be found at Eltis, Europe's portal for local transport.[25]
The development of specific rights of way with appropriate infrastructure can promote increased participation and enjoyment of walking. Examples of types of investment include pedestrian malls, and foreshoreways such as oceanways and riverwalks.
[edit] In robotics
Main article: Robot locomotion
The first successful attempts at walking robots tended to have 6 legs. The number of legs was reduced as microprocessor technology advanced, and there are now a number of robots that can walk on 2 legs. One for example, is ASIMO. Although robots have taken great strides in advancement, they still don't walk nearly as well as human beings[citation needed] as they often need to keep their knees bent permanently in order to improve stability.
Fathers day Mothers day 5/9 9/5==Sunday
Next year in 2011==Mothers Day will be May 8th.
May 8
Albania (Parents' Day)
South Korea (Parents' Day
May 8
Albania (Parents' Day)
South Korea (Parents' Day
7:05:41 am 3.400 51,450 Qantas. Labor Day USA==Monday September 6th 2010
Mothers day Sunday May 9th===45%
Fathers Day Sunday September 5th--45%
==================
All Ords to open up higher.
==================
Mayan long dated calendar Monday September 6th 2010 (Labor Day USA.)
==================
7:05:41 am 3.400 51,450
Fathers Day Sunday September 5th--45%
==================
All Ords to open up higher.
==================
Mayan long dated calendar Monday September 6th 2010 (Labor Day USA.)
==================
7:05:41 am 3.400 51,450
Thimblerig ==Friday September 3rd 2010
http://www.wordnik.com/word-of-the-day
thimblerig
Definitions
■(noun) A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups shaped like thimbles, and a small ball or pea. The ball or pea is put on a table and covered with one of the cups. The operator then begins moving the cups about, offering to bet that no one can tell under which cup the pea lies. The one who bets is seldom allowed to win.
■(noun) To cheat by means of thimblerig, or sleight of hand.
Notes
■'Thimblerig' is similar to 'three-card monte,' which is 'a confidence game in which the victim, or mark, is tricked into betting a sum of money that they can find the money card.'
Examples
■“In these circumstances, and smarting as I was under the recollection of recent defeat, it is not strange that I thought I detected the old political ruse of dressing the wolf in sheep's clothing, of using handsome pledges as a mask to deceive the gullible, and that I assumed that this scholarly amateur in politics was being used for their own purposes by masters and veterans in the old game of thimblerig.”
■“And yet every day one saw more distinctly that they were the pea in the thimblerig of life, the hub of a universe which, to the approbation of the majority they represented, they were fast making uninhabitable.”
■“Whatever their morality may be, pimps and prostitutes, confidence men and thimblerig artists are probably among the best practical psychologists in our society in that they are almost infallible judges of human character and personality: they really have a basic understanding of what motivates many people, and they didn't learn it from textbooks.”
■“'Great Barnums?' says I. 'You're a ringer for a circus thimblerig man.'”
thimblerig
Definitions
■(noun) A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups shaped like thimbles, and a small ball or pea. The ball or pea is put on a table and covered with one of the cups. The operator then begins moving the cups about, offering to bet that no one can tell under which cup the pea lies. The one who bets is seldom allowed to win.
■(noun) To cheat by means of thimblerig, or sleight of hand.
Notes
■'Thimblerig' is similar to 'three-card monte,' which is 'a confidence game in which the victim, or mark, is tricked into betting a sum of money that they can find the money card.'
Examples
■“In these circumstances, and smarting as I was under the recollection of recent defeat, it is not strange that I thought I detected the old political ruse of dressing the wolf in sheep's clothing, of using handsome pledges as a mask to deceive the gullible, and that I assumed that this scholarly amateur in politics was being used for their own purposes by masters and veterans in the old game of thimblerig.”
■“And yet every day one saw more distinctly that they were the pea in the thimblerig of life, the hub of a universe which, to the approbation of the majority they represented, they were fast making uninhabitable.”
■“Whatever their morality may be, pimps and prostitutes, confidence men and thimblerig artists are probably among the best practical psychologists in our society in that they are almost infallible judges of human character and personality: they really have a basic understanding of what motivates many people, and they didn't learn it from textbooks.”
■“'Great Barnums?' says I. 'You're a ringer for a circus thimblerig man.'”
Saturday, September 4, 2010
Mother's Day May 8th 2011
Mother's Day
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
This article is about several worldwide days celebrating motherhood. For other uses, see Mother's Day (disambiguation).
Mother's Day
A homemade cake, one of many ways a family might celebrate Mother's Day, or Mothering Sunday
Observed by Many countries
Type Commercial
Date Varies regionally
Related to Father's Day, Parents' Day, Children's Day
The modern Mother's Day is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in May or in March/April, as a day to honour mothers and motherhood. In the UK and Ireland, it follows the old traditions of Mothering Sunday, celebrated in March/April.
Father's Day is the corresponding day for the father.
Contents [hide]
1 Historical antecedents
2 Spelling
3 Dates around the world
4 International history and traditions
4.1 Religion
4.2 Countries
4.2.1 African countries
4.2.2 Arab World
4.2.3 Afghanistan
4.2.4 Australia
4.2.5 Bangladesh
4.2.6 Bolivia
4.2.7 Brazil
4.2.8 Bulgaria
4.2.9 Canada
4.2.10 China
4.2.11 Czech Republic
4.2.12 Germany
4.2.13 Greece
4.2.14 India
4.2.15 Indonesia
4.2.16 Iran
4.2.17 Israel
4.2.18 Japan
4.2.19 Mexico
4.2.20 Nepal
4.2.21 Nicaragua
4.2.22 Pakistan
4.2.23 Panama
4.2.24 Paraguay
4.2.25 Thailand
4.2.26 Romania
4.2.27 Slovakia
4.2.28 Sri Lanka
4.2.29 United Kingdom and Ireland
4.2.30 United States
5 Commercialization
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
[edit] Historical antecedents
Lamberts thought[who?] this day emerged from a custom of mother worship in ancient Greece, which kept a festival to Cybele, a great mother of Greek gods.{Encyclopædia Britannica|(1959)Vol.15,p. 849} This festival was held around the Vernal Equinox around Asia Minor and eventually in Rome itself from the Ides of March (15 March) to 18 March.
The ancient Romans also had another holiday, Matronalia, that was dedicated to Juno, though mothers were usually given gifts on this day.
In Europe there were several long standing traditions where a specific Sunday was set aside to honor motherhood and mothers such as Mothering Sunday. Mothering Sunday celebrations are part of the liturgical calendar in several Christian denominations, including Anglicans, and in the Catholic calendar is marked as Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday in Lent to honour the Virgin Mary and your "mother" church (the main church of the area). Children and young people who were "in service" (servants in richer households) were given a day off on that date so they could visit their families (or, originally, return to their "mother church). The children would pick wild flowers along the way to place them in the church or to give them to their mothers as gifts.[1]
One of the early calls to celebrate Mother's Day in the United States was the "Mother's Day Proclamation" by Julia Ward Howe. Written in 1870, it was a pacifist reaction to the carnage of the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. The Proclamation was tied to Howe's feminist belief that women had a responsibility to shape their societies at the political level.
International Women's Day was celebrated for the first time in 28 February 1909, in the US,[2] by which time Anna Jarvis had already begun her national campaign in the US. It is now celebrated in many countries on March 8.
[edit] Spelling
In 1912, Anna Jarvis trademarked the phrases "second Sunday in May" and "Mother's Day", and created the Mother's Day International Association.[3][4]
"She was specific about the location of the apostrophe; it was to be a singular possessive, for each family to honour their mother, not a plural possessive commemorating all mothers in the world."[3]
This is also the spelling used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in the law making official the holiday in the U.S., by the U.S. Congress on bills,[5][6] and by other U.S. presidents on their declarations.[7]
Common usage in English language also dictates that the ostensibly singular possessive "Mother's Day" is the preferred spelling, although "Mothers' Day" (plural possessive) is not unheard of.
[edit] Dates around the world
Mother's Day in the Netherlands in 1925As the US holiday was adopted by other countries and cultures, the date was changed to fit already existing celebrations honouring motherhood, like Mothering Sunday in the UK or the Orthodox celebration of Jesus in the temple in Greece. In some countries it was changed to dates that were significant to the majority religion, like the Virgin Mary day in Catholic countries, or the birthday of the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic countries. Other countries changed it to historical dates, like Bolivia using the date of a certain battle where women participated.[8] See the "International history and traditions" section for the complete list.
Note: Countries that celebrate the International Women's Day instead of Mother's Day are marked with a dagger '†'.[clarification needed]
Gregorian calendar
Occurrence Dates Country
Second Sunday of February
February 8, 2009
February 14, 2010
February 13, 2011
Norway
March 3
Georgia
March 8
Afghanistan
Albania†
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus†
Bosnia and Herzegovina†
Bulgaria†
Kazakhstan†
Laos
Macedonia†
Moldova
Montenegro†
Russia†*
Serbia†
Ukraine
Vietnam†*
Fourth Sunday in Lent
March 22, 2009
March 14, 2010
April 3, 2011
Ireland
Nigeria
United Kingdom
March 21
(vernal equinox)
Bahrain
Egypt
Jordan
Kuwait
Libya
Lebanon
Oman
Palestinian Territories
Israeli Arabs [9]
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen (All Arab countries in general)
Iraq [10]
March 25
Slovenia
April 7
Armenia
First Sunday in May
May 3, 2009
May 2, 2010
May 1, 2011
Hong Kong
Hungary
Lithuania
Mozambique
Portugal
Spain
Romania[11]
May 8
Albania (Parents' Day)
South Korea (Parents' Day)
May 10
El Salvador
Guatemala
Mexico
Second Sunday of May
May 10, 2009
May 9, 2010
May 8, 2011
Anguilla
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Bermuda
Bonaire
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
People's Republic of China†[12]
Colombia
Croatia
Cuba[13]
Curaçao
Cyprus
Czech Republic[14]
Denmark
Dominica
Ecuador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Honduras
Iceland
India
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Latvia*
Liechtenstein*
Macao
Malaysia
Malta
Myanmar
Netherlands
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Peru[15]
Philippines
Puerto Rico
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia[14]
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zambia
Zimbabwe
May 15
Paraguay (same day as Día de la Patria)[16]
May 26
Poland "Dzień Matki"
May 27
Bolivia[8]
Last Sunday of May
May 31, 2009
May 30, 2010
Algeria
Dominican Republic
France (First Sunday of June if Pentecost occurs on this day)
French Antilles (First Sunday of June if Pentecost occurs on this day)
Haiti[17] Mauritius
Morocco
Sweden
Tunisia
May 30
Nicaragua[18]
June 1
Mongolia† (The Mothers and Children's Day.)
Second Sunday of June
June 14, 2009
June 13, 2010
June 12, 2011
Luxembourg
Last Sunday of June
June 28, 2009
June 27, 2010
Kenya
August 12
Thailand (The birthday of Queen Sirikit)
August 15
Costa Rica
Antwerp (Belgium)
Second Monday of October
October 12, 2009
October 11, 2010
October 10, 2011
Malawi
October 14
Belarus
Third Sunday of October
October 18, 2009
October 17, 2010
Argentina (Día de la Madre)
Last Sunday of November
November 29, 2009
November 28, 2010
Russia
December 8 (Feast of the Immaculate Conception)
Panama[19]
December 22
Indonesia
Other calendars
Occurrence Gregorian dates Country
Shevat 30
Between January 30 and March 1 Israel[20]
Baisakh Amavasya (Mata Tirtha Aunsi)
Between 19 April and 29 April Nepal
20 Jumada al-thani[n 1]
14 June 2009 Iran [21]
[edit] International history and traditions
In most countries, Mother's Day is a recent observance derived from the holiday as it has evolved in America. When it was adopted by other countries and cultures, it was given different meanings, associated to different events (religious, historical or legendary), and celebrated in a different date or dates.
Some countries already had existing celebrations honoring motherhood, and their celebrations have adopted several external characteristics from the US holiday, like giving carnations and other presents to your own mother.
The extent of the celebrations varies greatly. In some countries, it is potentially offensive to one's mother not to mark Mother's Day. In others, it is a little-known festival celebrated mainly by immigrants, or covered by the media as a taste of foreign culture (compare the celebrations of Diwali in the UK and the United States).
[edit] Religion
In the Catholic Church, the holiday is strongly associated with reverencing the Virgin Mary.[22]
In Hindu tradition it is called "Mata Tirtha Aunshi" or "Mother Pilgrimage fortnight", and it is celebrated in countries with Hindu population, especially in Nepal. It is celebrated on the new moon day in the month of Baisakh i.e. April/May. This holiday is based in Hindu religion and it pre-dates the creation of the Western-inspired holiday by at least a few centuries.[citation needed]
Islamic scholars have published fatwas against dedicating a singling day to honor mothers, which detracts from honoring them year round.[23]
[edit] Countries
[edit] African countries
Many African countries adopted the idea of one Mother's Day from the British tradition, although there are many festivals and events celebrating mothers within the many diverse cultures on the African continent that long pre-date the colonization of Africa by European powers.
[edit] Arab World
Mother's Day in most of Arab countries is celebrated on March 21. It was introduced in Egypt by Mostafa Amin in his daily column Fikrah ("idea"). The first celebration was held in Egypt in 1956, and it has since been copied by the other Arab countries.[24][23]
[edit] Afghanistan
In Afghanistan, Mother's Day was celebrated on June 12, 2010, on the second Saturday in June.
[edit] Australia
In Australia, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It is not a public holiday, nor is it known as a holiday.
[edit] Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of the month of May. In observance of the day discussion programs are organized by government and non-governmental organizations. Reception programs, cultural programs are organized to mark the day in the Capital city. Television channels aired special programs and newspapers published special features and column to mark the day. Greeting cards, flowers and gifts featuring mother’s specialty to the children were on high demand at the shops and markets.
[edit] Bolivia
In Bolivia, Mother's Day is celebrated on May 27. The Dia de la Madre Boliviana was passed into law on November 8, 1927, during the presidency of Hernando Siles Reyes. It commemorates the Battle of Coronilla which took place on May 27, 1812, during the Bolivian War of Independence, in what is now the city of Cochabamba. In this battle, women fighting for the country's independence were slaughtered by the Spanish army. It's not a festive day, but all schools make activities and festivities during this day.[8]
[edit] Brazil
In Brazil, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May.
The first Mother's Day in the country was promoted by Associação Cristã de Moços de Porto Alegre (Young Men's Christian Association of Porto Alegre), on May 12, 1918. In 1932, the then-President Getulio Vargas made official the date in the second Sunday of May. In 1947, Archbishop Jaime de Barros Chamber, Cardinal-Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, determined that this date was also included in the official calendar of the Catholic Church.
It's considerated an unofficial holiday (see Public holidays in Brazil).
[edit] Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, Mother's Day is celebrated in March 8, as part of the International Women's Day.
[edit] Canada
See Public holidays in Canada#Other observances
Much like St. Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Father's Day and Halloween that are traditionally observed in Canada, The Mother's Day holiday, in almost all features, is identical to the US version of Mother's Day.
Mother's Day in Canada is celebrated on the second Sunday in May.
[edit] China
In China, Mother's Day is becoming more popular, and carnations are a very popular gift and the most sold type of flower.[25] In 1997 it was set as the day to help poor mothers, specially to remind people of the poor mothers in rural areas such as China's western region.[25] In the People's Daily, the Chinese government's official newspaper, an article explained that "despite originating in the United States, people in China take the holiday with no hesitance because it goes in line with the country's traditional ethics – respect to the elderly and filial piety to parents."[25]
In recent years the Communist Party member Li Hanqiu began to advocate for the official adoption of Mother's Day in memory of Meng Mu, the mother of Mèng Zǐ, and formed a non-governmental organization called Chinese Mothers' Festival Promotion Society, with the support of 100 Confucian scholars and lecturers of ethics.[26][27] They also ask to replace the Western gift of carnations with lilies, which, in ancient times, were planted by Chinese mothers when children left home.[27] It remains an unofficial festival, except in a small number of cities.
[edit] Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia celebrated Women's Day until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the split of the country in 1993, the Czech republic started celebrating Mother's Day and Saint Valentine's Day. However, the Czechs saw those two celebrations as commercialized and artificial, and they had mild popularity. Nowadays, the sales of flowers in Women's Day are higher than in Mother's Day or S. Valentine's Day.[14]
[edit] Germany
In the 1920s Germany had the lowest birthrate in Europe, and it was still declining. It was attributed to women's participation in the labor market. At the same time, all influential groups in society (politicians in both Left and Right, churchwomen and feminists) thought that mothers should be honored, but they couldn't agree on how to do it. All those groups agreed strongly in the promotion of the values of motherhood. This resulted in the unanimous adoption in 1923 of the Muttertag, the Mother's Day holiday as imported from America and Norway. The head of the Association of German Florists cited "the inner conflict of our Volk and the loosening of the family" as his reason for introducing the holiday, and he expected that it would unite the divided country. In 1925 the Mother's Day Committee joined the Task Force for the recovery of the volk, and the holiday stopped depending on commercial interests and it started being about the level of population Germany.[28]
The holiday was now seen as a means to get the women to bear more children, and nationalists saw it as a way of rejuvenating the nation. The holiday didn't celebrate the individual women, but an idealized standard of motherhood. The progressive forces resisted the implementation of the holiday because it was backed by so many conservatives, and because they saw it as a way to cut the rights of the worker women. Die Frau, the newspaper of the Federation of German Women's Associations, refused to even recognize the holiday. Many local authorities made their own interpretation of the holiday: it would be a day to support economically larger families or single-mother families. The guidelines for the subsidies had eugenics criteria, but there is no indication that social workers ever implemented them in practice, and subsidies were given preferentially to families in economic needs rather that families with more children or with "healthier" children.[28]
With the Nazi party in power during 1933–1945, this all changed radically. The propaganda for Mother's Day had increased in many European countries, including England and France, and Nazis increased it from the moment they entered into power. The role of mothers was unambiguously promoted as that of giving healthy sons to the German Nation. The Nazi party's intention was creating a pure "Aryan race" according to the nazi eugenics. Among other Mother's Day ideas, the government promoted the death of your sons in battle as the highest embodiment of patriotic motherhood.[28][29]
The Nazis quickly declared Mother's Day an official holiday and put it under the control of the NSV (National Socialist People's Welfare Association) and the NSF (National Socialist Women Organization). This brought conflicts with other organizations that resented Nazi control of the holiday, like the Catholic and the Protestant churches and local women organizations. Local authorities continuously resisted the guidelines from the Nazi government and kept assigning resources to families that were in economical need, much to the dismay of the Nazi officials.[28]
The government started issuing in 1938, an award called Mother's Cross (Mutterkreuz), with different categories depending on the number of children. The cross intended to encouraging having more children, and recipients had to have at least 4 children. For example, a gold cross recipient (a level one) had to have eight children or more. Since having fewer children was a recent development, the gold cross was awarded mostly to elderly mothers with grown children. It promoted loyalty among German women and it was a popular award even if it had little material awards and it was mostly empty praise. The recipients of honors had to be examined by doctors and social workers according to genetic and racial values that were considered beneficial to the volk. The friends and family were also examined for possible flaws that could disqualify them, and they had to be racially and morally fit. They had to be "German-blooded", "genetically healthy", "worthy", "politically reliable", and they couldn't have vices like drinking. Criteria against honors were, for example, "family history contains inferior blood", "unfemenine" behaviour like smoking or doing poor housekeeping, not being "politically reliable", or having family members that had been "indicted and imprisoned". There were instances where a family was disqualified because a doctor saw signs of "feeblemindedness." Even contact with a Jew could disqualify a potential recipient. Social workers had become disillusioned from the Weimar Republic and supported Nazi ideas personally as a means to "cure" the problems of the country. Application of policies was uneven, as doctors promoted medical criteria over racial criteria, and local authorities promoted economical need over any other criteria.[28][29]
The holiday is now celebrated in the second Sunday of May, in a manner similar to other nearby European countries.
[edit] Greece
Mother's Day in Greece corresponds to the Eastern Orthodox feast day of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. Since the Theotokos (The Mother of God) appears prominently in this feast as the one who brought Christ to the Temple at Jerusalem, this feast is associated with mothers.[citation needed]
[edit] India
Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.
The festival of Pâthâre Prabhu is celebrated on the same day only in Bombay and the Southern part of India (concretely Konkan and the districts below the Western Ghats). The Pathare prabhu caste always celebrates this holiday.It is based on a legend about a mother whose children kept dying after only one year of living and it has a very remote origin. Although it's also called "Mother's Day", it is unrelated to the modern celebration, which is copied from the US (second Sunday of May) and is celebrated in the whole country.[30]
[edit] Indonesia
Mother's day (Indonesian: Hari Ibu) is celebrated nationally on December 22. It is the day of the first Indonesian Women Congress (Indonesian: Kongres Perempuan Indonesia) from December 22 to 25, 1928. The meeting happens in a building now known as Mandalabhakti Wanitatama in Adisucipto Street, Yogyakarta. It was attended by 30 feminist organizations from 12 cities in Java and Sumatra. In Indonesia, feminist organizations have existed since 1912, inspired by Indonesian heroines of the 19th century, e.g. Kartini, Martha Christina Tiahahu, Cut Nyak Meutia, Maria Walanda Maramis, Dewi Sartika, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, Rasuna Said, etc.
The idea to make the day official was started during the third Indonesian Women Congress in 1938. It was signed by president Soekarno under the Presidential Decree (Indonesian: Dekrit Presiden) no. 316 year 1959. The day was originally aimed to celebrate the spirit of Indonesian women and to improve the condition of the nation. Today, Mother's Day is celebrated by expressing love and gratitude to mothers. People present gifts to mothers, such as flowers, hold surprise parties and competitions such as cooking competition or kebaya wearing competition. People also allow mothers to have their day off from doing domestic chores.[citation needed]
[edit] Iran
Celebrated on 20 Jumada al-thani, the birthday anniversary of Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter.[21] It was changed after the Iranian revolution, the reason having been theorized as trying to undercut feminist movements and promoting role models for the traditional model of family.[31][32] It was previously 25 Azar on the Iranian calendar during the Shah era.[citation needed]
[edit] Israel
It is celebrated on Shevat 30, which falls anywhere between January 30 and March 1. It was set to the same day as the birthday of Henrietta Szold. Henrietta had no biological children, but her organization Youth Aliyah rescued many Jewish children from Nazi Germany and took care of them, and she also fought for several rights of Jewish children. She is considered the "mother" of all those children, and that's why her birthday was set as Mother's Day (יוֹום הָאֵם, yom ha'em). It has evolved over time, becoming a celebration of mutual love inside the family and it's called Family Day (יווֹם הַמִשְּפָּּחָה, yom hamishpacha). It's only celebrated by children at kindergartens, there are no longer mutual gifts among members of the family, and there is no longer any commercialization of the celebration. It's not an official holiday either.[20]
Israeli Arabs (about 20% of the population) celebrate Mother's Day on 21 March, similar to other Arab countries.[9]
[edit] Japan
Mother's Day in Japan was initially commemorated during the Shōwa period as the birthday of Empress Kōjun (mother of Emperor Akihito) on 6 March. This was established in 1931 when Imperial Women's Union was organised. In 1937, the first meeting of "Praise Mothers" was held on 8 May, and in around 1949 Japanese society adapted to celebrate Mother's day on the second Sunday of May, the same as many other countries. Nowadays it is rather a marketed holiday, and people typically give flowers such as red carnations and roses as gifts.
[edit] Mexico
See also: Public holidays in Mexico#Festivities
The government of Álvaro Obregón imported the holiday from the US in 1922, with the newspaper Excélsior making a massive promotion campaign that year.[33] The conservative government tried to use the holiday to promote a more conservative role for mothers in families, which was criticized by the socialists as promoting an unrealistic image of a woman who wasn't good for much more than breeding.[33]
In the mid-1930s the government of Lázaro Cárdenas promoted the holiday as a "patriotic festival". The Cárdenas government tried to use the holiday as a vehicle for various efforts: stressing the importance of families for national development, benefiting from the loyalty that Mexicans had towards their mothers, introducing new morals to Mexican women and reducing the influence that the church and the Catholic right had on them.[34] The government sponsored the holiday in the schools.[34] However, the theatre plays ignored the strict guidelines from the government and they were filled with religious icons and themes, and the "national celebrations" became "religious fiestas" despite the efforts of the government.[34]
Soledad Orozco García, the wife of President Manuel Ávila Camacho, promoted the holiday during the 1940s, making it into an important state-sponsored celebration.[35] The 1942 celebration lasted a whole week, including an announcement that all women could reclaim their pawned sewing machines from the Monte de Piedad at no cost.[35]
The catholic National Synarchist Union (UNS) started paying attention to the holiday around 1941, due to Orozco's promotion.[36] The members of the Party of the Mexican Revolution (nowadays PRI) that owned shops had a custom where women from humble classes could go to their shop in mother's day, pick a gift for free, and bring it home to their families. The Synarchists worried that this promoted both materialism and the idleness of lower classes, and in turn reinforced the systemic social problematics of the country.[37] While nowadays we see those holiday practices as very conservative, the 1940s' UNS was viewing the holiday as a part of the larger debate on modernization that was happening at the time.[38] This economic modernization was inspired by US models and was sponsored by the state, and the fact that the holiday was originally imported from the US was only seen as one more piece of evidence that it was an attempt at imposing capitalization and materialism in Mexican society.[38]
Also, the UNS and the clergy of the city of León saw in the government actions an effort to secularize the holiday and to promote a more active role of women in society, with the long term goal of weakening men spiritually when women abandoned their traditional roles at home.[38] They also saw the holiday as an attempt to secularize the cult to the Virgin Mary, inside a larger effort to dechristianize several holidays, and they tried to counter this by organizing massive masses and asking religious women to assist with the state-sponsored events and try to "depaganize" them.[39] In 1942, at the same time as Soledad's greatest celebration of the holiday, the clergy organized in León the 210th celebration of the Virgin Mary with a big parade.[39]
There is a consensus among scholars that the Mexican government abandoned its revolutionary initiaves during the 1940s, including efforts to influence Mother's Day.[36] Nowadays the holiday in Mexico is a celebration of both mothers and the Virgin Mary.
Nowadays the "Día de las Madres" is an unofficial holiday in Mexico held each year on May 10.[40]
[edit] Nepal
"Mata Tirtha Aunshi", translated as "Mother Pilgrimage fortnight", falls in the month of Baishak dark fortnight (April). This festival falls in the time of dark moon’s time which is why this called "Mata Tirtha Aunshi" derived from words: "Mata" meaning mother; "Tirtha" meaning pilgrimage. This festival is observed in the commemoration and respect of the mother which is celebrated by worshipping and gifting living mother or remembering mothers who have become immortal and are resting in peace. Going to Mata Tirtha Pilgrimage located towards the Kathmandu valley’s eastern side at Mata Tirtha Village development committee’s periphery is another tradition common in Nepal.
There is a legend regarding this pilgrimage. In ancient times Lord Krishna’s mother Devaki walked out her house to sight-see. She visited many places and delayed a lot to return back at her house. Lord Krishna became very unhappy because of his mother’s disappearance. So he went out in search of his mother to many places without success. Finally, when he reached "Mata Tirtha Kunda", he happened to see his mother taking bath there in the spouts of that pond. Lord Krishna was very happy to find her there and narrated all of his tragedies in the absence of his mother. Mother Devaki said to lord Krishna that "oh! Son Krishna let then, this place be the pious rendezvous of children to meet their departed mothers". So legends believe that since then this place had become a noted holy pilgrimage to see back a devotees’ deceased mother. Also legend believes that a devotee saw his mother’s image inside the pond and he happened to die falling there down. So still there is a small pond fenced by the iron rods in the place even on this present day as well. After the worship the pilgrimage enjoy there singing and dancing throughout the day in the festive mood. There is not evidence of happening of this legend as these are coming from elders based on ancient readings.
[edit] Nicaragua
In Nicaragua the Día de la Madre is celebrated in May 30 since the first years of the 1940s. The date was chosen by President Anastasio Somoza García because it was the birthday of Casimira Sacasa, the mother of his wife.[18]
[edit] Pakistan
In Pakistan, Mother's Day is also celebrated on the second Sunday of May. On this day, individuals who have lost their mother pray and pay their respects to their loved ones lost. Mother's day is not only the mothers who have been gone, but alive too.
[edit] Panama
In Panama it's celebrated on December 8, the same day as the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. This date was suggested in 1930 by the wife of Panama's President Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, and it was passed as Law 69 in the same year.[19]
According to other account, the Rotary Club of Panama asked in 1924 that Mother's Day be celebrated on May 11 to honor mothers, but a politician called Aníbal D. Ríos changed the proposal, so that it would be held on December 8, and he made it into a national holiday.[41]
[edit] Paraguay
In Paraguay it is celebrated in 15 May, the same day as the Dia de la Patria, which celebrates the independence of Paraguay.[16] This is apparently to honor the role played by Juana María de Lara in the events of 14 May 1811 that led to Paraguay's independence.[42]
In 2008 the Paraguayan Minister of Culture, Bruno Barrios, lamented this coincidence because Mother's Day is so much more popular in comparison that the independence celebration goes unnoticed; he asked that the celebration was moved to the end of the month.[43] A group of young people was trying to gather 20,000 signatures to ask the Parliament to move Mother's Day.[43] The Comisión de festejos (Celebration Committee) of the city of Asunción asked in 2008 that Mother's Day was moved to the second Sunday of May.[44]
[edit] Thailand
Mother's day in Thailand is celebrated on the birthday of the Queen of Thailand, Queen Sirikit (12 Aug).[45] It started being celebrated around the 1980s as part of the campaign by the Prime Minister of Thailand Prem Tinsulanonda to promote Thailand's Royal family.[46] Father's Day is celebrated on the King's birthday.[46]
[edit] Romania
In Romania, since 2010, Mother's Day is celebrated in the first Sunday of May.[11] Law 319/2009 also made Father's Day official in Romania, and it was passed thanks to the campaigning from the Alliance Fighting Discrimination Against Fathers (TATA).[11] Previously, it was celebrated in March 8, as part of the International Women's Day. This was a leftover tradition from the days when Romania was part of the communist block.
[edit] Slovakia
Czechoslovakia celebrated Women's Day until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the split of the country in 1993, Slovakia started celebrating both Women's Day and Mother's Day. The politicization of Women's Day has affected the official status of Mother's Day. The center-right parties have demanded that Women's Day is officially replaced by Mother's Day, but they have been unsuccessful (due to the opposition of left-wing parties). In 2010, the SMER-SD (left-wing party) is trying to give Women's Day the status of official holiday. Nowadays, both days are festive, but they are not "state holidays".[14]
[edit] Sri Lanka
Though Sri Lankans celebrate this day as official Mothers day, they believe each and every day should be kept for their beloved parents. Backed by sinhaleese aarya traditions and buddhist culture, they tend to worship their parents.
[edit] United Kingdom and Ireland
Main article: Mothering Sunday
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, there was a celebration called Mothering Sunday, which fell on the fourth Sunday of Lent (14 March in 2010), exactly three weeks before Easter Sunday. It is believed to have originated from the 16th century Christian practice of visiting one's mother church annually, which meant that most mothers would be reunited with their children on this day. Most historians believe that young apprentices and young women in servitude were released by their masters that weekend in order to visit their families.[47] As a result of secularization, it was then principally used to show appreciation to one's mother, although it is still recognized in the historical sense by some churches, with attention paid to Mary the mother of Jesus Christ as well as the traditional concept 'Mother Church'.
By 1935 Mothering Sunday was less celebrated in Europe.[48] The idea was revived by the American soldiers who came to fight in World War II, who celebrated Anna Jarvis' Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.[48] People from Ireland and UK started celebrating Mother's Day on the fourth Sunday of Lent, the same day on which Mothering Sunday had been celebrated before it disappeared.[48] Some traditions were revived, such as the tradition of eating cake on that day, although they now eat simnel cake instead of the cakes that were traditionally prepared at that time.[49]
Mothering Sunday can fall at the earliest on 1 March (in years when Easter Day falls on 22 March) and at the latest on 4 April (when Easter Day falls on 25 April).
[edit] United States
Main article: Mother's Day (U.S.)
The United States celebrates Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May. In the 1880s and 1890s there were several attempts to establish a Mother's Day, but they didn't succeed beyond the local level.[50] The holiday was created by Anna Jarvis in Grafton, West Virginia, in 1908 as a day to honor one's mother.[3] Jarvis wanted to accomplish her mother's dream of making a celebration for all mothers, although the idea didn't take off until she enlisted the services of wealthy Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker.[51] She kept promoting the holiday until President Woodrow Wilson made it an official national holiday in 1914.[50] The holiday eventually became so highly commercialized that many, including its founder, Anna Jarvis, considered it a "Hallmark Holiday", i.e. one with an overwhelming commercial purpose. Jarvis eventually ended up opposing the holiday she had helped to create.[3][52] She died in 1948, regretting what had become of her holiday.[51] In the United States, Mother's Day remains one of the biggest days for sales of flowers, greeting cards, and the like; it is also the biggest holiday for long-distance telephone calls.[53]
[edit] Commercialization
Nine years after the first official Mother's Day, commercialization of the U.S. holiday became so rampant that Anna Jarvis herself became a major opponent of what the holiday had become and spent all her inheritance and the rest of her life fighting what she saw as an abuse of the celebration.[3]
Later commercial and other exploitations of the use of Mother's Day infuriated Anna and she made her criticisms explicitly known throughout her time.[3][52] She criticized the practice of purchasing greeting cards, which she saw as a sign of being too lazy to write a personal letter. She was arrested in 1948 for disturbing the peace while protesting against the commercialization of Mother's Day, and she finally said that she "wished she would have never started the day because it became so out of control ...".[52]
Mother's Day continues to be one of the most commercially successful U.S. occasions. According to the National Restaurant Association, Mother's Day is now the most popular day of the year to dine out at a restaurant in the United States.[54]
For example, according to IBISWorld, a publisher of business research, Americans will spend approximately $2.6 billion on flowers, $1.53 billion on pampering gifts—like spa treatments—and another $68 million on greeting cards.[55]
Mother's Day will generate about 7.8% of the U.S. jewelry industry's annual revenue in 2008, with custom gifts like mother's rings.[56]
It's possible that the holiday would have withered over time without the support and continuous promotion of the florist industries and other commercial industries. Other Protestant holidays from the same time, like Children's Day and Temperance Sunday, do not have the same level of popularity.[57] Mother's Day is also prominent in the Sunday Funnies of the United States, being a rich source of humor concerning mothers, children and husbands ranging from sentimental to wry to caustic.
[edit] See also
Holidays portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mother's Day
Children's Day
Father's Day
Hallmark holiday
International Mother's Day Shrine
International Women's Day
May crowning
Mothering Sunday
National Grandparents Day
Wikinews has related news: Mothers around the world on Mother's Day
[edit] Notes
1.^ Since the Islamic Calendar uses the lunar year, which is shorter than the solar year, the day will migrate through the seasons. Every year it will correspond to a different day in the Gregorian Calendar, so it is listed separately.
[edit] References
1.^ "Mothering Sunday", BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/motheringsunday_1.shtml, retrieved 2010-03-04
2.^ International Women's Day. Investing in Women and Girls, United Nations
3.^ a b c d e f Louisa Taylor, Canwest News Service (2008-05-11). "Mother's Day creator likely 'spinning in her grave'". Vancouver Sun. http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=c942370c-cdbb-43b2-af59-71ad4b546854. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
4.^ Larossa, 1997, page 72(footnote 51)
5.^ House Vote #274 (May 7, 2008) H. Res. 1113: Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother's Day (Vote On Passage)
6.^ House Vote #275 (May 7, 2008) Table Motion to Reconsider: H RES 1113 Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother’s Day
7.^ Presidential proclamations from The American Presidency Project:
71 – Mother's Day Proclamation, Franklin D. Roosevelt, May 3, 1934.
Proclamation 3535 Mother's Day, 1963 John F. Kennedy, 26 April 1963.
Proclamation 3583 – Mother's Day, 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson, 23 April 1964
Proclamation 4437 – Mother's Day, 1976, Gerald Ford, May 5, 1976.
Proclamation 6133 – Mother's Day, 1990, George Bush, May 10, 1990
Proclamation 6559 – Mother's Day, 1993, Bill J. Clinton, May 7, 1993.
Proclamation 8253 – Mother's Day, 2008, George W. Bush, May 8, 2008.
8.^ a b c Sources for Bolivia:
"27 de mayo: madres que inspiran valentía" (in Spanish), Los Tiempos, 2009-05-27, http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/vida-y-futuro/20090527/27-de-mayo-madres-que-inspiran-valentia_10890_17707.html
"El Día de la Madre se nutre con la Virgen" (in Spanish), La Razón, 2006-05-27, http://www.la-razon.com/versiones/20060527_005554/nota_250_291138.htm
9.^ a b Muhammed Sawaed, Panet.co.il, 21/03/2010 10:07:31 "[1]", 21/03/2010 10:32:00
10.^ "2010 Mother's Day ~ Mothers Day Central". Mothersdaycentral.com. http://www.mothersdaycentral.com/when/. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
11.^ a b c "Romania Celebrates Fathers’ Day On Second Sunday Of May". Bucharest: mediafax.ro. May 4, 2010. http://www.mediafax.ro/english/romania-celebrates-fathers-day-on-second-sunday-of-may-6088334.
12.^ Xinhua from China Daily (2006-05-16). "It's Mother's Day". SCUEC online. http://news.scuec.edu.cn/english/viewtext1.php?id=556.
13.^ "Principales efemérides. Mes Mayo". Unión de Periodistas de Cuba. http://www.enlace.cu/efemeride/mayo.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
14.^ a b c d Mixed emotions on Women's Day in Eastern Europe, euractiv.com, 2010-03-09, http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/mixed-emotions-women-s-day-eastern-europe-news-309486
15.^ "Calendario Cívico Escolar". Dirección Regional de Educación de Lima Metropolitana. http://www.drelm.gob.pe/index.php?p=art&menu=49. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
16.^ a b Ministerio de Educación y Cultura de Paraguay (in Spanish), Día de la Madre, http://www.mec.gov.py/cmsmec/?attachment_id=26430
17.^ Sources:
"Haiti: Main Holidays". discoverhaiti.com. http://www.discoverhaiti.com/history_holidays.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
"6310.- Fêtes et Jours Fériés en Haiti" (in french). http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/calendrier-fetes.html. Retrieved 2008-07-08. (French)
18.^ a b Lic. Pedro Rafael Díaz Figueroa (1999-05-27), "El origen del Día de la Madre", El Nuevo Diario, http://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni/1999/mayo/27-mayo-1999/opinion/opinion6.html
19.^ a b editorial (2001-12-08), "Bendita Madre" (in Spanish), Crítica, http://www.critica.com.pa/archivo/12082001/opinion.html
20.^ a b Sources for Israel:
Gil Ronen (2010-03-09), Knesset, Emunah Mark International Women's Day, Arutz Sheva, http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/136427
Nechemia Meyers (2004-05-07), No Mother’s Day in Israel, but mothers have real clout, jweekly.com, http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/22523/no-mother-s-day-in-israel-but-mothers-have-real-clout/
21.^ a b "Ahmadinejad highlights women's significant role in society". Presidency of The Islamic Republic of Iran News Service. 2008-06-24. http://www.president.ir/en/print.php?ArtID=10405. Retrieved 2008-07-19. "(...) the occasion of the Mother's Day marking the birthday anniversary of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra (SA), the beloved daughter of Prophet Mohammad. The day fell on June 23 [2008]."
22.^ Cordelia Candelaria, Peter J. García (2004). Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 375. ISBN 031333210X, 9780313332104. http://books.google.es/books?id=STjcB_f7CVcC&pg=PA375&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary.
23.^ a b Mother’s Day – an historical overview and the scholars’ rulings on this holiday Islam's question and answer.
24.^ Douglas Jehl (April 16, 1997). "Mustafa Amin, Liberal Editor Jailed by Nasser, Dies at 83". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/16/world/mustafa-amin-liberal-editor-jailed-by-nasser-dies-at-83.html?pagewanted=1.
25.^ a b c "Mother's Day Popular in China". People's Daily. 2001-05-14. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200105/14/eng20010514_69871.html.
26.^ people.com.cn, sina.com.cn (2008-06-17). "Researchers and Experts Propose a Chinese Mother's Day". All-China Women's Federation. http://www.womenofchina.cn/Issues/OPINION/204586.jsp.
27.^ a b "Do we need our own Mother's Day?". China Daily. 2007-05-16. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/ezine/2007-05/16/content_873529.htm.
28.^ a b c d e Michelle Mouton (2007), "From Mother's Day to Forced Sterilization", From nurturing the nation to purifying the Volk: Weimar and Nazi family policy, 1918–1945, Publications of the German Historical Institute (illustrated ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–152, ISBN 0521861845, http://books.google.es/books?id=YAwuIKyMvSEC
29.^ a b Ann Taylor Allen (February 1995), "Reviewed work(s): Muttertag und Mutterkreuz: Der Kult um die "Deutsche Mutter" im Nationalsozialismus, by Irmgard Weyrather", American Historical Review (Frankfurt A.m) 100 (1): 186–187, http://www.jstor.org/pss/2168063
30.^ W.E.G. Solomon (1991). Charm Of Indian Art. Asian Educational Services. p. 130. ISBN 8120602250, 9788120602250. http://books.google.com/books?id=y57Z63UNX18C.
31.^ Shahin Gerami (1996). Women in Fundamentalism. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-0663-6. http://www.dhushara.com/book/zulu/islamp/wiff/wif.htm. "To this end, to counteract the Mother's Day of the previous regime, the state first moved it to December 16 [that was the date for that year?], to coincide with Fatemeh's birthday. Then it was expanded to a week with festivities, celebrations, speeches, gifts, prizes, and honors for achieving women." online version
32.^ Ali Akbar Mahdi (2003). "Iranian Women: Between Islamization and Globalization" (DOC). Iran Encountering Globalization: Problems and Prospects. Ali Mohammadi. London and New York: Routledge/Curzon. ISBN 0415308275. http://www.owu.edu/~aamahdi/globalization-final.doc. "Other role models for women often cited by the officials and ideologues of the IRI are Khadijah, the prophet Mohammad's wife, and Zaynab, daughter of the first Shi'i Imam Ali. In fact, the IRI replaced the universal Mother's Day with Fatima Zahar's birthday."
33.^ a b Newcomer, page 133
34.^ a b c Sherman, page 44
35.^ a b Newcomer, pages 133–134
36.^ a b Newcomer, page 134
37.^ Newcomer, 134–135
38.^ a b c Newcomer, 135–136
39.^ a b Newcomer, 136–139
40.^ The History of Mother's Day from The Legacy Project, a Legacy Center (Canada) website
41.^ Penny de Henríquez (2005-12-09), "Origins. La celebración del Día de la Madre" (in Spanish), La Prensa, http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/12/09/hoy/opinion/427577.html
42.^ Session of the Honorable Cámara de Senadores. Señor Senador Diego Abente Brun, p. 25, http://www.congreso.gov.py/senadores/archivos/diarios/341S-13.doc
43.^ a b "Buscan que se cambie fecha del día de la madre", Radio Viva 90.1 FM Paraguay, 2008-05-14, http://www.radioviva.com.py/articulo.php?ID=2478
44.^ Municipality of Asuncion (2008-07-27), Hoy miércoles 27 de agosto se inician las acciones de la Comisión de Festejos por el Bicentenario, con una retreta en la Plaza de los Héroes, http://www.mca.gov.py/noticias/270808_2.htm
45.^ Thai News Agency (August 10, 2009). "Police chief returns earlier for Mother's Day". MCOT news. http://enews.mcot.net/view.php?id=11235. "(...) an audience with Her Majesty Queen Sirikit on Tuesday on the occasion of her birthday which is also observed as National Mother's Day."
46.^ a b Paul M. Handley (2006). The King Never Smiles: a biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 288. ISBN 0300106823, 9780300106824. (online version)
47.^ "BBC – Religion: Interfaith holy days by faith". Religion & Ethics (bbc.co.uk). http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/tools/calendar/faith.shtml?christian. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
48.^ a b c Irish Culture and Customs, Bridget Haggerty
49.^ 簡世華 (2005). 寂天文化. ed. Western holidays and festivals. p. 133. ISBN 9575856759, 9789575856755. http://books.google.com/books?id=9sagw3Tfpv0C&lpg=PA133&dq=greece%20%22mother's%20day%22&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&hl=es&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q=greece%20%22mother's%20day%22&f=false.
50.^ a b Virgina Bernhard (2002). "Mother's Day". in Joseph M. Hawes, Elizabeth F. Shores. The family in America: an encyclopedia (3, illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 714. ISBN 1576072320, 9781576072325. http://books.google.com/books?id=z55xx8_P08UC&pg=PT714&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+origin&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
51.^ a b Cristina Rouvalis, For the mother of Mother's Day, it's just never been right, Cristina Rouvalis, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 11, 2008.
52.^ a b c "Mother's Day reaches 100th anniversary, The woman who lobbied for this day would berate you for buying a card". MSNBC. Associated Press. 2008-05-11. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24556903/. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
53.^ Barbara Mikkelson, "We love you – call collect". Snopes.com. Retrieved 2010.03.08.
54.^ Press releases:
"More Than Six Out of 10 Americans Will Have Their Mother's Day Meals at Restaurants, New National Restaurant Association Research Reveals". National Restaurant Association. 2006-05-04. http://www.restaurant.org/pressroom/pressrelease.cfm?ID=1248.
"Mother's Day Dining Fact Sheet". National Restaurant Association. 2006-04-28. http://www.restaurant.org/pressroom/pressrelease.cfm?ID=1248.
55.^ Recession or not: Mom comes 1st (phillyBurbs.com) | Local Business
56.^ Barnett Helzberg (2003). John Wiley and Sons. ed. What I Learned Before I Sold to Warren Buffet. p. 80. ISBN 0471445398. http://books.google.com/books?id=Vq-UzfJhqYAC&pg=PA80&dq=%22mother%27s+ring%22&lr=&client=opera&hl=es.
57.^ Leigh, page 256
[edit] Bibliography
Leigh Eric Schmidt (1997). Princeton University Press. ed. Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays (reprint, illustrated ed.). pp. 256–275. ISBN 0691017212. http://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC.
Larossa, Ralph (1997). University of Chicago Press. ed. The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History (illustrated ed.). p. 90,170–192. ISBN 0226469042. http://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother's+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother's+day%22.
Newcomer, Daniel (2004). Reconciling modernity: urban state formation in 1940s León, Mexico (illustrated ed.). University of Nebraska Press. pp. 132–139. ISBN 0803233493, 9780803233492. http://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad.
Sherman, John W. (1997). The Mexican right: the end of revolutionary reform, 1929–1940 (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44. ISBN 0275957365, 9780275957360. http://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
This article is about several worldwide days celebrating motherhood. For other uses, see Mother's Day (disambiguation).
Mother's Day
A homemade cake, one of many ways a family might celebrate Mother's Day, or Mothering Sunday
Observed by Many countries
Type Commercial
Date Varies regionally
Related to Father's Day, Parents' Day, Children's Day
The modern Mother's Day is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in May or in March/April, as a day to honour mothers and motherhood. In the UK and Ireland, it follows the old traditions of Mothering Sunday, celebrated in March/April.
Father's Day is the corresponding day for the father.
Contents [hide]
1 Historical antecedents
2 Spelling
3 Dates around the world
4 International history and traditions
4.1 Religion
4.2 Countries
4.2.1 African countries
4.2.2 Arab World
4.2.3 Afghanistan
4.2.4 Australia
4.2.5 Bangladesh
4.2.6 Bolivia
4.2.7 Brazil
4.2.8 Bulgaria
4.2.9 Canada
4.2.10 China
4.2.11 Czech Republic
4.2.12 Germany
4.2.13 Greece
4.2.14 India
4.2.15 Indonesia
4.2.16 Iran
4.2.17 Israel
4.2.18 Japan
4.2.19 Mexico
4.2.20 Nepal
4.2.21 Nicaragua
4.2.22 Pakistan
4.2.23 Panama
4.2.24 Paraguay
4.2.25 Thailand
4.2.26 Romania
4.2.27 Slovakia
4.2.28 Sri Lanka
4.2.29 United Kingdom and Ireland
4.2.30 United States
5 Commercialization
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
[edit] Historical antecedents
Lamberts thought[who?] this day emerged from a custom of mother worship in ancient Greece, which kept a festival to Cybele, a great mother of Greek gods.{Encyclopædia Britannica|(1959)Vol.15,p. 849} This festival was held around the Vernal Equinox around Asia Minor and eventually in Rome itself from the Ides of March (15 March) to 18 March.
The ancient Romans also had another holiday, Matronalia, that was dedicated to Juno, though mothers were usually given gifts on this day.
In Europe there were several long standing traditions where a specific Sunday was set aside to honor motherhood and mothers such as Mothering Sunday. Mothering Sunday celebrations are part of the liturgical calendar in several Christian denominations, including Anglicans, and in the Catholic calendar is marked as Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday in Lent to honour the Virgin Mary and your "mother" church (the main church of the area). Children and young people who were "in service" (servants in richer households) were given a day off on that date so they could visit their families (or, originally, return to their "mother church). The children would pick wild flowers along the way to place them in the church or to give them to their mothers as gifts.[1]
One of the early calls to celebrate Mother's Day in the United States was the "Mother's Day Proclamation" by Julia Ward Howe. Written in 1870, it was a pacifist reaction to the carnage of the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. The Proclamation was tied to Howe's feminist belief that women had a responsibility to shape their societies at the political level.
International Women's Day was celebrated for the first time in 28 February 1909, in the US,[2] by which time Anna Jarvis had already begun her national campaign in the US. It is now celebrated in many countries on March 8.
[edit] Spelling
In 1912, Anna Jarvis trademarked the phrases "second Sunday in May" and "Mother's Day", and created the Mother's Day International Association.[3][4]
"She was specific about the location of the apostrophe; it was to be a singular possessive, for each family to honour their mother, not a plural possessive commemorating all mothers in the world."[3]
This is also the spelling used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in the law making official the holiday in the U.S., by the U.S. Congress on bills,[5][6] and by other U.S. presidents on their declarations.[7]
Common usage in English language also dictates that the ostensibly singular possessive "Mother's Day" is the preferred spelling, although "Mothers' Day" (plural possessive) is not unheard of.
[edit] Dates around the world
Mother's Day in the Netherlands in 1925As the US holiday was adopted by other countries and cultures, the date was changed to fit already existing celebrations honouring motherhood, like Mothering Sunday in the UK or the Orthodox celebration of Jesus in the temple in Greece. In some countries it was changed to dates that were significant to the majority religion, like the Virgin Mary day in Catholic countries, or the birthday of the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic countries. Other countries changed it to historical dates, like Bolivia using the date of a certain battle where women participated.[8] See the "International history and traditions" section for the complete list.
Note: Countries that celebrate the International Women's Day instead of Mother's Day are marked with a dagger '†'.[clarification needed]
Gregorian calendar
Occurrence Dates Country
Second Sunday of February
February 8, 2009
February 14, 2010
February 13, 2011
Norway
March 3
Georgia
March 8
Afghanistan
Albania†
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus†
Bosnia and Herzegovina†
Bulgaria†
Kazakhstan†
Laos
Macedonia†
Moldova
Montenegro†
Russia†*
Serbia†
Ukraine
Vietnam†*
Fourth Sunday in Lent
March 22, 2009
March 14, 2010
April 3, 2011
Ireland
Nigeria
United Kingdom
March 21
(vernal equinox)
Bahrain
Egypt
Jordan
Kuwait
Libya
Lebanon
Oman
Palestinian Territories
Israeli Arabs [9]
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen (All Arab countries in general)
Iraq [10]
March 25
Slovenia
April 7
Armenia
First Sunday in May
May 3, 2009
May 2, 2010
May 1, 2011
Hong Kong
Hungary
Lithuania
Mozambique
Portugal
Spain
Romania[11]
May 8
Albania (Parents' Day)
South Korea (Parents' Day)
May 10
El Salvador
Guatemala
Mexico
Second Sunday of May
May 10, 2009
May 9, 2010
May 8, 2011
Anguilla
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belgium
Belize
Bermuda
Bonaire
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
People's Republic of China†[12]
Colombia
Croatia
Cuba[13]
Curaçao
Cyprus
Czech Republic[14]
Denmark
Dominica
Ecuador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Honduras
Iceland
India
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Latvia*
Liechtenstein*
Macao
Malaysia
Malta
Myanmar
Netherlands
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Peru[15]
Philippines
Puerto Rico
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia[14]
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zambia
Zimbabwe
May 15
Paraguay (same day as Día de la Patria)[16]
May 26
Poland "Dzień Matki"
May 27
Bolivia[8]
Last Sunday of May
May 31, 2009
May 30, 2010
Algeria
Dominican Republic
France (First Sunday of June if Pentecost occurs on this day)
French Antilles (First Sunday of June if Pentecost occurs on this day)
Haiti[17] Mauritius
Morocco
Sweden
Tunisia
May 30
Nicaragua[18]
June 1
Mongolia† (The Mothers and Children's Day.)
Second Sunday of June
June 14, 2009
June 13, 2010
June 12, 2011
Luxembourg
Last Sunday of June
June 28, 2009
June 27, 2010
Kenya
August 12
Thailand (The birthday of Queen Sirikit)
August 15
Costa Rica
Antwerp (Belgium)
Second Monday of October
October 12, 2009
October 11, 2010
October 10, 2011
Malawi
October 14
Belarus
Third Sunday of October
October 18, 2009
October 17, 2010
Argentina (Día de la Madre)
Last Sunday of November
November 29, 2009
November 28, 2010
Russia
December 8 (Feast of the Immaculate Conception)
Panama[19]
December 22
Indonesia
Other calendars
Occurrence Gregorian dates Country
Shevat 30
Between January 30 and March 1 Israel[20]
Baisakh Amavasya (Mata Tirtha Aunsi)
Between 19 April and 29 April Nepal
20 Jumada al-thani[n 1]
14 June 2009 Iran [21]
[edit] International history and traditions
In most countries, Mother's Day is a recent observance derived from the holiday as it has evolved in America. When it was adopted by other countries and cultures, it was given different meanings, associated to different events (religious, historical or legendary), and celebrated in a different date or dates.
Some countries already had existing celebrations honoring motherhood, and their celebrations have adopted several external characteristics from the US holiday, like giving carnations and other presents to your own mother.
The extent of the celebrations varies greatly. In some countries, it is potentially offensive to one's mother not to mark Mother's Day. In others, it is a little-known festival celebrated mainly by immigrants, or covered by the media as a taste of foreign culture (compare the celebrations of Diwali in the UK and the United States).
[edit] Religion
In the Catholic Church, the holiday is strongly associated with reverencing the Virgin Mary.[22]
In Hindu tradition it is called "Mata Tirtha Aunshi" or "Mother Pilgrimage fortnight", and it is celebrated in countries with Hindu population, especially in Nepal. It is celebrated on the new moon day in the month of Baisakh i.e. April/May. This holiday is based in Hindu religion and it pre-dates the creation of the Western-inspired holiday by at least a few centuries.[citation needed]
Islamic scholars have published fatwas against dedicating a singling day to honor mothers, which detracts from honoring them year round.[23]
[edit] Countries
[edit] African countries
Many African countries adopted the idea of one Mother's Day from the British tradition, although there are many festivals and events celebrating mothers within the many diverse cultures on the African continent that long pre-date the colonization of Africa by European powers.
[edit] Arab World
Mother's Day in most of Arab countries is celebrated on March 21. It was introduced in Egypt by Mostafa Amin in his daily column Fikrah ("idea"). The first celebration was held in Egypt in 1956, and it has since been copied by the other Arab countries.[24][23]
[edit] Afghanistan
In Afghanistan, Mother's Day was celebrated on June 12, 2010, on the second Saturday in June.
[edit] Australia
In Australia, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It is not a public holiday, nor is it known as a holiday.
[edit] Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of the month of May. In observance of the day discussion programs are organized by government and non-governmental organizations. Reception programs, cultural programs are organized to mark the day in the Capital city. Television channels aired special programs and newspapers published special features and column to mark the day. Greeting cards, flowers and gifts featuring mother’s specialty to the children were on high demand at the shops and markets.
[edit] Bolivia
In Bolivia, Mother's Day is celebrated on May 27. The Dia de la Madre Boliviana was passed into law on November 8, 1927, during the presidency of Hernando Siles Reyes. It commemorates the Battle of Coronilla which took place on May 27, 1812, during the Bolivian War of Independence, in what is now the city of Cochabamba. In this battle, women fighting for the country's independence were slaughtered by the Spanish army. It's not a festive day, but all schools make activities and festivities during this day.[8]
[edit] Brazil
In Brazil, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May.
The first Mother's Day in the country was promoted by Associação Cristã de Moços de Porto Alegre (Young Men's Christian Association of Porto Alegre), on May 12, 1918. In 1932, the then-President Getulio Vargas made official the date in the second Sunday of May. In 1947, Archbishop Jaime de Barros Chamber, Cardinal-Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, determined that this date was also included in the official calendar of the Catholic Church.
It's considerated an unofficial holiday (see Public holidays in Brazil).
[edit] Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, Mother's Day is celebrated in March 8, as part of the International Women's Day.
[edit] Canada
See Public holidays in Canada#Other observances
Much like St. Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Father's Day and Halloween that are traditionally observed in Canada, The Mother's Day holiday, in almost all features, is identical to the US version of Mother's Day.
Mother's Day in Canada is celebrated on the second Sunday in May.
[edit] China
In China, Mother's Day is becoming more popular, and carnations are a very popular gift and the most sold type of flower.[25] In 1997 it was set as the day to help poor mothers, specially to remind people of the poor mothers in rural areas such as China's western region.[25] In the People's Daily, the Chinese government's official newspaper, an article explained that "despite originating in the United States, people in China take the holiday with no hesitance because it goes in line with the country's traditional ethics – respect to the elderly and filial piety to parents."[25]
In recent years the Communist Party member Li Hanqiu began to advocate for the official adoption of Mother's Day in memory of Meng Mu, the mother of Mèng Zǐ, and formed a non-governmental organization called Chinese Mothers' Festival Promotion Society, with the support of 100 Confucian scholars and lecturers of ethics.[26][27] They also ask to replace the Western gift of carnations with lilies, which, in ancient times, were planted by Chinese mothers when children left home.[27] It remains an unofficial festival, except in a small number of cities.
[edit] Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia celebrated Women's Day until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the split of the country in 1993, the Czech republic started celebrating Mother's Day and Saint Valentine's Day. However, the Czechs saw those two celebrations as commercialized and artificial, and they had mild popularity. Nowadays, the sales of flowers in Women's Day are higher than in Mother's Day or S. Valentine's Day.[14]
[edit] Germany
In the 1920s Germany had the lowest birthrate in Europe, and it was still declining. It was attributed to women's participation in the labor market. At the same time, all influential groups in society (politicians in both Left and Right, churchwomen and feminists) thought that mothers should be honored, but they couldn't agree on how to do it. All those groups agreed strongly in the promotion of the values of motherhood. This resulted in the unanimous adoption in 1923 of the Muttertag, the Mother's Day holiday as imported from America and Norway. The head of the Association of German Florists cited "the inner conflict of our Volk and the loosening of the family" as his reason for introducing the holiday, and he expected that it would unite the divided country. In 1925 the Mother's Day Committee joined the Task Force for the recovery of the volk, and the holiday stopped depending on commercial interests and it started being about the level of population Germany.[28]
The holiday was now seen as a means to get the women to bear more children, and nationalists saw it as a way of rejuvenating the nation. The holiday didn't celebrate the individual women, but an idealized standard of motherhood. The progressive forces resisted the implementation of the holiday because it was backed by so many conservatives, and because they saw it as a way to cut the rights of the worker women. Die Frau, the newspaper of the Federation of German Women's Associations, refused to even recognize the holiday. Many local authorities made their own interpretation of the holiday: it would be a day to support economically larger families or single-mother families. The guidelines for the subsidies had eugenics criteria, but there is no indication that social workers ever implemented them in practice, and subsidies were given preferentially to families in economic needs rather that families with more children or with "healthier" children.[28]
With the Nazi party in power during 1933–1945, this all changed radically. The propaganda for Mother's Day had increased in many European countries, including England and France, and Nazis increased it from the moment they entered into power. The role of mothers was unambiguously promoted as that of giving healthy sons to the German Nation. The Nazi party's intention was creating a pure "Aryan race" according to the nazi eugenics. Among other Mother's Day ideas, the government promoted the death of your sons in battle as the highest embodiment of patriotic motherhood.[28][29]
The Nazis quickly declared Mother's Day an official holiday and put it under the control of the NSV (National Socialist People's Welfare Association) and the NSF (National Socialist Women Organization). This brought conflicts with other organizations that resented Nazi control of the holiday, like the Catholic and the Protestant churches and local women organizations. Local authorities continuously resisted the guidelines from the Nazi government and kept assigning resources to families that were in economical need, much to the dismay of the Nazi officials.[28]
The government started issuing in 1938, an award called Mother's Cross (Mutterkreuz), with different categories depending on the number of children. The cross intended to encouraging having more children, and recipients had to have at least 4 children. For example, a gold cross recipient (a level one) had to have eight children or more. Since having fewer children was a recent development, the gold cross was awarded mostly to elderly mothers with grown children. It promoted loyalty among German women and it was a popular award even if it had little material awards and it was mostly empty praise. The recipients of honors had to be examined by doctors and social workers according to genetic and racial values that were considered beneficial to the volk. The friends and family were also examined for possible flaws that could disqualify them, and they had to be racially and morally fit. They had to be "German-blooded", "genetically healthy", "worthy", "politically reliable", and they couldn't have vices like drinking. Criteria against honors were, for example, "family history contains inferior blood", "unfemenine" behaviour like smoking or doing poor housekeeping, not being "politically reliable", or having family members that had been "indicted and imprisoned". There were instances where a family was disqualified because a doctor saw signs of "feeblemindedness." Even contact with a Jew could disqualify a potential recipient. Social workers had become disillusioned from the Weimar Republic and supported Nazi ideas personally as a means to "cure" the problems of the country. Application of policies was uneven, as doctors promoted medical criteria over racial criteria, and local authorities promoted economical need over any other criteria.[28][29]
The holiday is now celebrated in the second Sunday of May, in a manner similar to other nearby European countries.
[edit] Greece
Mother's Day in Greece corresponds to the Eastern Orthodox feast day of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. Since the Theotokos (The Mother of God) appears prominently in this feast as the one who brought Christ to the Temple at Jerusalem, this feast is associated with mothers.[citation needed]
[edit] India
Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.
The festival of Pâthâre Prabhu is celebrated on the same day only in Bombay and the Southern part of India (concretely Konkan and the districts below the Western Ghats). The Pathare prabhu caste always celebrates this holiday.It is based on a legend about a mother whose children kept dying after only one year of living and it has a very remote origin. Although it's also called "Mother's Day", it is unrelated to the modern celebration, which is copied from the US (second Sunday of May) and is celebrated in the whole country.[30]
[edit] Indonesia
Mother's day (Indonesian: Hari Ibu) is celebrated nationally on December 22. It is the day of the first Indonesian Women Congress (Indonesian: Kongres Perempuan Indonesia) from December 22 to 25, 1928. The meeting happens in a building now known as Mandalabhakti Wanitatama in Adisucipto Street, Yogyakarta. It was attended by 30 feminist organizations from 12 cities in Java and Sumatra. In Indonesia, feminist organizations have existed since 1912, inspired by Indonesian heroines of the 19th century, e.g. Kartini, Martha Christina Tiahahu, Cut Nyak Meutia, Maria Walanda Maramis, Dewi Sartika, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, Rasuna Said, etc.
The idea to make the day official was started during the third Indonesian Women Congress in 1938. It was signed by president Soekarno under the Presidential Decree (Indonesian: Dekrit Presiden) no. 316 year 1959. The day was originally aimed to celebrate the spirit of Indonesian women and to improve the condition of the nation. Today, Mother's Day is celebrated by expressing love and gratitude to mothers. People present gifts to mothers, such as flowers, hold surprise parties and competitions such as cooking competition or kebaya wearing competition. People also allow mothers to have their day off from doing domestic chores.[citation needed]
[edit] Iran
Celebrated on 20 Jumada al-thani, the birthday anniversary of Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter.[21] It was changed after the Iranian revolution, the reason having been theorized as trying to undercut feminist movements and promoting role models for the traditional model of family.[31][32] It was previously 25 Azar on the Iranian calendar during the Shah era.[citation needed]
[edit] Israel
It is celebrated on Shevat 30, which falls anywhere between January 30 and March 1. It was set to the same day as the birthday of Henrietta Szold. Henrietta had no biological children, but her organization Youth Aliyah rescued many Jewish children from Nazi Germany and took care of them, and she also fought for several rights of Jewish children. She is considered the "mother" of all those children, and that's why her birthday was set as Mother's Day (יוֹום הָאֵם, yom ha'em). It has evolved over time, becoming a celebration of mutual love inside the family and it's called Family Day (יווֹם הַמִשְּפָּּחָה, yom hamishpacha). It's only celebrated by children at kindergartens, there are no longer mutual gifts among members of the family, and there is no longer any commercialization of the celebration. It's not an official holiday either.[20]
Israeli Arabs (about 20% of the population) celebrate Mother's Day on 21 March, similar to other Arab countries.[9]
[edit] Japan
Mother's Day in Japan was initially commemorated during the Shōwa period as the birthday of Empress Kōjun (mother of Emperor Akihito) on 6 March. This was established in 1931 when Imperial Women's Union was organised. In 1937, the first meeting of "Praise Mothers" was held on 8 May, and in around 1949 Japanese society adapted to celebrate Mother's day on the second Sunday of May, the same as many other countries. Nowadays it is rather a marketed holiday, and people typically give flowers such as red carnations and roses as gifts.
[edit] Mexico
See also: Public holidays in Mexico#Festivities
The government of Álvaro Obregón imported the holiday from the US in 1922, with the newspaper Excélsior making a massive promotion campaign that year.[33] The conservative government tried to use the holiday to promote a more conservative role for mothers in families, which was criticized by the socialists as promoting an unrealistic image of a woman who wasn't good for much more than breeding.[33]
In the mid-1930s the government of Lázaro Cárdenas promoted the holiday as a "patriotic festival". The Cárdenas government tried to use the holiday as a vehicle for various efforts: stressing the importance of families for national development, benefiting from the loyalty that Mexicans had towards their mothers, introducing new morals to Mexican women and reducing the influence that the church and the Catholic right had on them.[34] The government sponsored the holiday in the schools.[34] However, the theatre plays ignored the strict guidelines from the government and they were filled with religious icons and themes, and the "national celebrations" became "religious fiestas" despite the efforts of the government.[34]
Soledad Orozco García, the wife of President Manuel Ávila Camacho, promoted the holiday during the 1940s, making it into an important state-sponsored celebration.[35] The 1942 celebration lasted a whole week, including an announcement that all women could reclaim their pawned sewing machines from the Monte de Piedad at no cost.[35]
The catholic National Synarchist Union (UNS) started paying attention to the holiday around 1941, due to Orozco's promotion.[36] The members of the Party of the Mexican Revolution (nowadays PRI) that owned shops had a custom where women from humble classes could go to their shop in mother's day, pick a gift for free, and bring it home to their families. The Synarchists worried that this promoted both materialism and the idleness of lower classes, and in turn reinforced the systemic social problematics of the country.[37] While nowadays we see those holiday practices as very conservative, the 1940s' UNS was viewing the holiday as a part of the larger debate on modernization that was happening at the time.[38] This economic modernization was inspired by US models and was sponsored by the state, and the fact that the holiday was originally imported from the US was only seen as one more piece of evidence that it was an attempt at imposing capitalization and materialism in Mexican society.[38]
Also, the UNS and the clergy of the city of León saw in the government actions an effort to secularize the holiday and to promote a more active role of women in society, with the long term goal of weakening men spiritually when women abandoned their traditional roles at home.[38] They also saw the holiday as an attempt to secularize the cult to the Virgin Mary, inside a larger effort to dechristianize several holidays, and they tried to counter this by organizing massive masses and asking religious women to assist with the state-sponsored events and try to "depaganize" them.[39] In 1942, at the same time as Soledad's greatest celebration of the holiday, the clergy organized in León the 210th celebration of the Virgin Mary with a big parade.[39]
There is a consensus among scholars that the Mexican government abandoned its revolutionary initiaves during the 1940s, including efforts to influence Mother's Day.[36] Nowadays the holiday in Mexico is a celebration of both mothers and the Virgin Mary.
Nowadays the "Día de las Madres" is an unofficial holiday in Mexico held each year on May 10.[40]
[edit] Nepal
"Mata Tirtha Aunshi", translated as "Mother Pilgrimage fortnight", falls in the month of Baishak dark fortnight (April). This festival falls in the time of dark moon’s time which is why this called "Mata Tirtha Aunshi" derived from words: "Mata" meaning mother; "Tirtha" meaning pilgrimage. This festival is observed in the commemoration and respect of the mother which is celebrated by worshipping and gifting living mother or remembering mothers who have become immortal and are resting in peace. Going to Mata Tirtha Pilgrimage located towards the Kathmandu valley’s eastern side at Mata Tirtha Village development committee’s periphery is another tradition common in Nepal.
There is a legend regarding this pilgrimage. In ancient times Lord Krishna’s mother Devaki walked out her house to sight-see. She visited many places and delayed a lot to return back at her house. Lord Krishna became very unhappy because of his mother’s disappearance. So he went out in search of his mother to many places without success. Finally, when he reached "Mata Tirtha Kunda", he happened to see his mother taking bath there in the spouts of that pond. Lord Krishna was very happy to find her there and narrated all of his tragedies in the absence of his mother. Mother Devaki said to lord Krishna that "oh! Son Krishna let then, this place be the pious rendezvous of children to meet their departed mothers". So legends believe that since then this place had become a noted holy pilgrimage to see back a devotees’ deceased mother. Also legend believes that a devotee saw his mother’s image inside the pond and he happened to die falling there down. So still there is a small pond fenced by the iron rods in the place even on this present day as well. After the worship the pilgrimage enjoy there singing and dancing throughout the day in the festive mood. There is not evidence of happening of this legend as these are coming from elders based on ancient readings.
[edit] Nicaragua
In Nicaragua the Día de la Madre is celebrated in May 30 since the first years of the 1940s. The date was chosen by President Anastasio Somoza García because it was the birthday of Casimira Sacasa, the mother of his wife.[18]
[edit] Pakistan
[edit] Panama
In Panama it's celebrated on December 8, the same day as the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. This date was suggested in 1930 by the wife of Panama's President Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, and it was passed as Law 69 in the same year.[19]
According to other account, the Rotary Club of Panama asked in 1924 that Mother's Day be celebrated on May 11 to honor mothers, but a politician called Aníbal D. Ríos changed the proposal, so that it would be held on December 8, and he made it into a national holiday.[41]
[edit] Paraguay
In Paraguay it is celebrated in 15 May, the same day as the Dia de la Patria, which celebrates the independence of Paraguay.[16] This is apparently to honor the role played by Juana María de Lara in the events of 14 May 1811 that led to Paraguay's independence.[42]
In 2008 the Paraguayan Minister of Culture, Bruno Barrios, lamented this coincidence because Mother's Day is so much more popular in comparison that the independence celebration goes unnoticed; he asked that the celebration was moved to the end of the month.[43] A group of young people was trying to gather 20,000 signatures to ask the Parliament to move Mother's Day.[43] The Comisión de festejos (Celebration Committee) of the city of Asunción asked in 2008 that Mother's Day was moved to the second Sunday of May.[44]
[edit] Thailand
Mother's day in Thailand is celebrated on the birthday of the Queen of Thailand, Queen Sirikit (12 Aug).[45] It started being celebrated around the 1980s as part of the campaign by the Prime Minister of Thailand Prem Tinsulanonda to promote Thailand's Royal family.[46] Father's Day is celebrated on the King's birthday.[46]
[edit] Romania
In Romania, since 2010, Mother's Day is celebrated in the first Sunday of May.[11] Law 319/2009 also made Father's Day official in Romania, and it was passed thanks to the campaigning from the Alliance Fighting Discrimination Against Fathers (TATA).[11] Previously, it was celebrated in March 8, as part of the International Women's Day. This was a leftover tradition from the days when Romania was part of the communist block.
[edit] Slovakia
Czechoslovakia celebrated Women's Day until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the split of the country in 1993, Slovakia started celebrating both Women's Day and Mother's Day. The politicization of Women's Day has affected the official status of Mother's Day. The center-right parties have demanded that Women's Day is officially replaced by Mother's Day, but they have been unsuccessful (due to the opposition of left-wing parties). In 2010, the SMER-SD (left-wing party) is trying to give Women's Day the status of official holiday. Nowadays, both days are festive, but they are not "state holidays".[14]
[edit] Sri Lanka
Though Sri Lankans celebrate this day as official Mothers day, they believe each and every day should be kept for their beloved parents. Backed by sinhaleese aarya traditions and buddhist culture, they tend to worship their parents.
[edit] United Kingdom and Ireland
Main article: Mothering Sunday
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, there was a celebration called Mothering Sunday, which fell on the fourth Sunday of Lent (14 March in 2010), exactly three weeks before Easter Sunday. It is believed to have originated from the 16th century Christian practice of visiting one's mother church annually, which meant that most mothers would be reunited with their children on this day. Most historians believe that young apprentices and young women in servitude were released by their masters that weekend in order to visit their families.[47] As a result of secularization, it was then principally used to show appreciation to one's mother, although it is still recognized in the historical sense by some churches, with attention paid to Mary the mother of Jesus Christ as well as the traditional concept 'Mother Church'.
By 1935 Mothering Sunday was less celebrated in Europe.[48] The idea was revived by the American soldiers who came to fight in World War II, who celebrated Anna Jarvis' Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.[48] People from Ireland and UK started celebrating Mother's Day on the fourth Sunday of Lent, the same day on which Mothering Sunday had been celebrated before it disappeared.[48] Some traditions were revived, such as the tradition of eating cake on that day, although they now eat simnel cake instead of the cakes that were traditionally prepared at that time.[49]
Mothering Sunday can fall at the earliest on 1 March (in years when Easter Day falls on 22 March) and at the latest on 4 April (when Easter Day falls on 25 April).
[edit] United States
Main article: Mother's Day (U.S.)
The United States celebrates Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May. In the 1880s and 1890s there were several attempts to establish a Mother's Day, but they didn't succeed beyond the local level.[50] The holiday was created by Anna Jarvis in Grafton, West Virginia, in 1908 as a day to honor one's mother.[3] Jarvis wanted to accomplish her mother's dream of making a celebration for all mothers, although the idea didn't take off until she enlisted the services of wealthy Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker.[51] She kept promoting the holiday until President Woodrow Wilson made it an official national holiday in 1914.[50] The holiday eventually became so highly commercialized that many, including its founder, Anna Jarvis, considered it a "Hallmark Holiday", i.e. one with an overwhelming commercial purpose. Jarvis eventually ended up opposing the holiday she had helped to create.[3][52] She died in 1948, regretting what had become of her holiday.[51] In the United States, Mother's Day remains one of the biggest days for sales of flowers, greeting cards, and the like; it is also the biggest holiday for long-distance telephone calls.[53]
[edit] Commercialization
Nine years after the first official Mother's Day, commercialization of the U.S. holiday became so rampant that Anna Jarvis herself became a major opponent of what the holiday had become and spent all her inheritance and the rest of her life fighting what she saw as an abuse of the celebration.[3]
Later commercial and other exploitations of the use of Mother's Day infuriated Anna and she made her criticisms explicitly known throughout her time.[3][52] She criticized the practice of purchasing greeting cards, which she saw as a sign of being too lazy to write a personal letter. She was arrested in 1948 for disturbing the peace while protesting against the commercialization of Mother's Day, and she finally said that she "wished she would have never started the day because it became so out of control ...".[52]
Mother's Day continues to be one of the most commercially successful U.S. occasions. According to the National Restaurant Association, Mother's Day is now the most popular day of the year to dine out at a restaurant in the United States.[54]
For example, according to IBISWorld, a publisher of business research, Americans will spend approximately $2.6 billion on flowers, $1.53 billion on pampering gifts—like spa treatments—and another $68 million on greeting cards.[55]
Mother's Day will generate about 7.8% of the U.S. jewelry industry's annual revenue in 2008, with custom gifts like mother's rings.[56]
It's possible that the holiday would have withered over time without the support and continuous promotion of the florist industries and other commercial industries. Other Protestant holidays from the same time, like Children's Day and Temperance Sunday, do not have the same level of popularity.[57] Mother's Day is also prominent in the Sunday Funnies of the United States, being a rich source of humor concerning mothers, children and husbands ranging from sentimental to wry to caustic.
[edit] See also
Holidays portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mother's Day
Children's Day
Father's Day
Hallmark holiday
International Mother's Day Shrine
International Women's Day
May crowning
Mothering Sunday
National Grandparents Day
Wikinews has related news: Mothers around the world on Mother's Day
[edit] Notes
1.^ Since the Islamic Calendar uses the lunar year, which is shorter than the solar year, the day will migrate through the seasons. Every year it will correspond to a different day in the Gregorian Calendar, so it is listed separately.
[edit] References
1.^ "Mothering Sunday", BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/motheringsunday_1.shtml, retrieved 2010-03-04
2.^ International Women's Day. Investing in Women and Girls, United Nations
3.^ a b c d e f Louisa Taylor, Canwest News Service (2008-05-11). "Mother's Day creator likely 'spinning in her grave'". Vancouver Sun. http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=c942370c-cdbb-43b2-af59-71ad4b546854. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
4.^ Larossa, 1997, page 72(footnote 51)
5.^ House Vote #274 (May 7, 2008) H. Res. 1113: Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother's Day (Vote On Passage)
6.^ House Vote #275 (May 7, 2008) Table Motion to Reconsider: H RES 1113 Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother’s Day
7.^ Presidential proclamations from The American Presidency Project:
71 – Mother's Day Proclamation, Franklin D. Roosevelt, May 3, 1934.
Proclamation 3535 Mother's Day, 1963 John F. Kennedy, 26 April 1963.
Proclamation 3583 – Mother's Day, 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson, 23 April 1964
Proclamation 4437 – Mother's Day, 1976, Gerald Ford, May 5, 1976.
Proclamation 6133 – Mother's Day, 1990, George Bush, May 10, 1990
Proclamation 6559 – Mother's Day, 1993, Bill J. Clinton, May 7, 1993.
Proclamation 8253 – Mother's Day, 2008, George W. Bush, May 8, 2008.
8.^ a b c Sources for Bolivia:
"27 de mayo: madres que inspiran valentía" (in Spanish), Los Tiempos, 2009-05-27, http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/vida-y-futuro/20090527/27-de-mayo-madres-que-inspiran-valentia_10890_17707.html
"El Día de la Madre se nutre con la Virgen" (in Spanish), La Razón, 2006-05-27, http://www.la-razon.com/versiones/20060527_005554/nota_250_291138.htm
9.^ a b Muhammed Sawaed, Panet.co.il, 21/03/2010 10:07:31 "[1]", 21/03/2010 10:32:00
10.^ "2010 Mother's Day ~ Mothers Day Central". Mothersdaycentral.com. http://www.mothersdaycentral.com/when/. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
11.^ a b c "Romania Celebrates Fathers’ Day On Second Sunday Of May". Bucharest: mediafax.ro. May 4, 2010. http://www.mediafax.ro/english/romania-celebrates-fathers-day-on-second-sunday-of-may-6088334.
12.^ Xinhua from China Daily (2006-05-16). "It's Mother's Day". SCUEC online. http://news.scuec.edu.cn/english/viewtext1.php?id=556.
13.^ "Principales efemérides. Mes Mayo". Unión de Periodistas de Cuba. http://www.enlace.cu/efemeride/mayo.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
14.^ a b c d Mixed emotions on Women's Day in Eastern Europe, euractiv.com, 2010-03-09, http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/mixed-emotions-women-s-day-eastern-europe-news-309486
15.^ "Calendario Cívico Escolar". Dirección Regional de Educación de Lima Metropolitana. http://www.drelm.gob.pe/index.php?p=art&menu=49. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
16.^ a b Ministerio de Educación y Cultura de Paraguay (in Spanish), Día de la Madre, http://www.mec.gov.py/cmsmec/?attachment_id=26430
17.^ Sources:
"Haiti: Main Holidays". discoverhaiti.com. http://www.discoverhaiti.com/history_holidays.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
"6310.- Fêtes et Jours Fériés en Haiti" (in french). http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/calendrier-fetes.html. Retrieved 2008-07-08. (French)
18.^ a b Lic. Pedro Rafael Díaz Figueroa (1999-05-27), "El origen del Día de la Madre", El Nuevo Diario, http://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni/1999/mayo/27-mayo-1999/opinion/opinion6.html
19.^ a b editorial (2001-12-08), "Bendita Madre" (in Spanish), Crítica, http://www.critica.com.pa/archivo/12082001/opinion.html
20.^ a b Sources for Israel:
Gil Ronen (2010-03-09), Knesset, Emunah Mark International Women's Day, Arutz Sheva, http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/136427
Nechemia Meyers (2004-05-07), No Mother’s Day in Israel, but mothers have real clout, jweekly.com, http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/22523/no-mother-s-day-in-israel-but-mothers-have-real-clout/
21.^ a b "Ahmadinejad highlights women's significant role in society". Presidency of The Islamic Republic of Iran News Service. 2008-06-24. http://www.president.ir/en/print.php?ArtID=10405. Retrieved 2008-07-19. "(...) the occasion of the Mother's Day marking the birthday anniversary of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra (SA), the beloved daughter of Prophet Mohammad. The day fell on June 23 [2008]."
22.^ Cordelia Candelaria, Peter J. García (2004). Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 375. ISBN 031333210X, 9780313332104. http://books.google.es/books?id=STjcB_f7CVcC&pg=PA375&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary.
23.^ a b Mother’s Day – an historical overview and the scholars’ rulings on this holiday Islam's question and answer.
24.^ Douglas Jehl (April 16, 1997). "Mustafa Amin, Liberal Editor Jailed by Nasser, Dies at 83". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/16/world/mustafa-amin-liberal-editor-jailed-by-nasser-dies-at-83.html?pagewanted=1.
25.^ a b c "Mother's Day Popular in China". People's Daily. 2001-05-14. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200105/14/eng20010514_69871.html.
26.^ people.com.cn, sina.com.cn (2008-06-17). "Researchers and Experts Propose a Chinese Mother's Day". All-China Women's Federation. http://www.womenofchina.cn/Issues/OPINION/204586.jsp.
27.^ a b "Do we need our own Mother's Day?". China Daily. 2007-05-16. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/ezine/2007-05/16/content_873529.htm.
28.^ a b c d e Michelle Mouton (2007), "From Mother's Day to Forced Sterilization", From nurturing the nation to purifying the Volk: Weimar and Nazi family policy, 1918–1945, Publications of the German Historical Institute (illustrated ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–152, ISBN 0521861845, http://books.google.es/books?id=YAwuIKyMvSEC
29.^ a b Ann Taylor Allen (February 1995), "Reviewed work(s): Muttertag und Mutterkreuz: Der Kult um die "Deutsche Mutter" im Nationalsozialismus, by Irmgard Weyrather", American Historical Review (Frankfurt A.m) 100 (1): 186–187, http://www.jstor.org/pss/2168063
30.^ W.E.G. Solomon (1991). Charm Of Indian Art. Asian Educational Services. p. 130. ISBN 8120602250, 9788120602250. http://books.google.com/books?id=y57Z63UNX18C.
31.^ Shahin Gerami (1996). Women in Fundamentalism. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-0663-6. http://www.dhushara.com/book/zulu/islamp/wiff/wif.htm. "To this end, to counteract the Mother's Day of the previous regime, the state first moved it to December 16 [that was the date for that year?], to coincide with Fatemeh's birthday. Then it was expanded to a week with festivities, celebrations, speeches, gifts, prizes, and honors for achieving women." online version
32.^ Ali Akbar Mahdi (2003). "Iranian Women: Between Islamization and Globalization" (DOC). Iran Encountering Globalization: Problems and Prospects. Ali Mohammadi. London and New York: Routledge/Curzon. ISBN 0415308275. http://www.owu.edu/~aamahdi/globalization-final.doc. "Other role models for women often cited by the officials and ideologues of the IRI are Khadijah, the prophet Mohammad's wife, and Zaynab, daughter of the first Shi'i Imam Ali. In fact, the IRI replaced the universal Mother's Day with Fatima Zahar's birthday."
33.^ a b Newcomer, page 133
34.^ a b c Sherman, page 44
35.^ a b Newcomer, pages 133–134
36.^ a b Newcomer, page 134
37.^ Newcomer, 134–135
38.^ a b c Newcomer, 135–136
39.^ a b Newcomer, 136–139
40.^ The History of Mother's Day from The Legacy Project, a Legacy Center (Canada) website
41.^ Penny de Henríquez (2005-12-09), "Origins. La celebración del Día de la Madre" (in Spanish), La Prensa, http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/12/09/hoy/opinion/427577.html
42.^ Session of the Honorable Cámara de Senadores. Señor Senador Diego Abente Brun, p. 25, http://www.congreso.gov.py/senadores/archivos/diarios/341S-13.doc
43.^ a b "Buscan que se cambie fecha del día de la madre", Radio Viva 90.1 FM Paraguay, 2008-05-14, http://www.radioviva.com.py/articulo.php?ID=2478
44.^ Municipality of Asuncion (2008-07-27), Hoy miércoles 27 de agosto se inician las acciones de la Comisión de Festejos por el Bicentenario, con una retreta en la Plaza de los Héroes, http://www.mca.gov.py/noticias/270808_2.htm
45.^ Thai News Agency (August 10, 2009). "Police chief returns earlier for Mother's Day". MCOT news. http://enews.mcot.net/view.php?id=11235. "(...) an audience with Her Majesty Queen Sirikit on Tuesday on the occasion of her birthday which is also observed as National Mother's Day."
46.^ a b Paul M. Handley (2006). The King Never Smiles: a biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 288. ISBN 0300106823, 9780300106824. (online version)
47.^ "BBC – Religion: Interfaith holy days by faith". Religion & Ethics (bbc.co.uk). http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/tools/calendar/faith.shtml?christian. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
48.^ a b c Irish Culture and Customs, Bridget Haggerty
49.^ 簡世華 (2005). 寂天文化. ed. Western holidays and festivals. p. 133. ISBN 9575856759, 9789575856755. http://books.google.com/books?id=9sagw3Tfpv0C&lpg=PA133&dq=greece%20%22mother's%20day%22&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&hl=es&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q=greece%20%22mother's%20day%22&f=false.
50.^ a b Virgina Bernhard (2002). "Mother's Day". in Joseph M. Hawes, Elizabeth F. Shores. The family in America: an encyclopedia (3, illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 714. ISBN 1576072320, 9781576072325. http://books.google.com/books?id=z55xx8_P08UC&pg=PT714&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+origin&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
51.^ a b Cristina Rouvalis, For the mother of Mother's Day, it's just never been right, Cristina Rouvalis, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 11, 2008.
52.^ a b c "Mother's Day reaches 100th anniversary, The woman who lobbied for this day would berate you for buying a card". MSNBC. Associated Press. 2008-05-11. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24556903/. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
53.^ Barbara Mikkelson, "We love you – call collect". Snopes.com. Retrieved 2010.03.08.
54.^ Press releases:
"More Than Six Out of 10 Americans Will Have Their Mother's Day Meals at Restaurants, New National Restaurant Association Research Reveals". National Restaurant Association. 2006-05-04. http://www.restaurant.org/pressroom/pressrelease.cfm?ID=1248.
"Mother's Day Dining Fact Sheet". National Restaurant Association. 2006-04-28. http://www.restaurant.org/pressroom/pressrelease.cfm?ID=1248.
55.^ Recession or not: Mom comes 1st (phillyBurbs.com) | Local Business
56.^ Barnett Helzberg (2003). John Wiley and Sons. ed. What I Learned Before I Sold to Warren Buffet. p. 80. ISBN 0471445398. http://books.google.com/books?id=Vq-UzfJhqYAC&pg=PA80&dq=%22mother%27s+ring%22&lr=&client=opera&hl=es.
57.^ Leigh, page 256
[edit] Bibliography
Leigh Eric Schmidt (1997). Princeton University Press. ed. Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays (reprint, illustrated ed.). pp. 256–275. ISBN 0691017212. http://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC.
Larossa, Ralph (1997). University of Chicago Press. ed. The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History (illustrated ed.). p. 90,170–192. ISBN 0226469042. http://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother's+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother's+day%22.
Newcomer, Daniel (2004). Reconciling modernity: urban state formation in 1940s León, Mexico (illustrated ed.). University of Nebraska Press. pp. 132–139. ISBN 0803233493, 9780803233492. http://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad.
Sherman, John W. (1997). The Mexican right: the end of revolutionary reform, 1929–1940 (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44. ISBN 0275957365, 9780275957360. http://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1.
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